Many companies, specifically in the mining and petroleum industries, still operate single-lined evaporation ponds for the disposal of concentrated brine effluent streams. Typically an high-density poly-ethylene (HDPE) geoliner is used for the lining with a thickness of between 1.5 to 2.0 mm.
However, the minimum standard in most countries, as well as the World Bank/IFC is to line evaporation ponds with a triple lining, with some type of full-time leak detection system in place.
What is the best approach to refurbish and upgrade the existing single-lined ponds to be able to meet the latest standards for evaporation ponds?
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