very non-simple answer. it relies on many things (multi-disciplinary: volcanic, volcanosedimentary, and sedimentary architecture from mapping; petrochemistry, geochronology, tracer isotopes, mineral deposit showings, knowledge of mineral deposit types/models, and knowledge of global tectonics...for a start. i am sure many others will chime in too.
with colleagues of mine I created the metallogenetic map of Central Europe (see publications) including the text with the classification scheme. It is always good to go the other way round start off with a trustworthy classification scheme and good description of the groups of mineralization. I used to try and provide a classification scheme combining the minerals/elements and the age:
DILL, H.G., SACHSENHOFER, R., GRECULA, P., SASVARI, T., PALINKAS, L., BOROJEVIC-SOSTARIC, S., STRMIC-PALINKAS S., PROCHASKA, W., GARUTI, G.,
ZACCARINI, F., ARBOUILLE, D. , SCHULZ H., SCHMIDT, B. and LOCMELIS, B. (2008) The origin of mineral and energy resources of Central Europe (map 1: 2500000).- Geological Society of London, London (on CD ROM).
DILL, H.G., SACHSENHOFER, R.F., GRECULA, P., SASVÁRI, T., PALINKAŠ, L. A., BOROJEVIĆ-ŠOŠTARIĆ S., STRMIĆ-PALINKAŠ S., PROCHASKA, W., GARUTI, G.,
ZACCARINI, F., ARBOUILLE, D., and SCHULZ H.-M. (2008) Fossil fuels, ore – and industrial minerals .- In: T. McCann (Ed.), Geology of Central Europe, Geological Society of London, Special Publication, London, 1341-1449 .
DILL, H.G. (2010) The “chessboard” classification scheme of mineral deposits: Mineralogy and geology from aluminum to zirconium.- Earth Science Reviews, 100: 1-420.
Should you have further question send me a message through RG.
Metallogenetic maps are produced in order to allow a synopsis of metallogenetic, geological (metallotects) and basic economic data (e.g. the size of deposits). A generalized geological background is used to display information on location, size and nature of ore deposits. Depending on the scale, metallotects may be displayed. Symbols aim at depicting generalized genetic and shape information, and the main metal or mineral (Figure 1.87). Metals are indicated by colour, e.g. yellow for gold and silver, blue for lead and zinc, red for tin and tungsten, etc. The relative size of deposits is expressed by varying the size of symbols. Usually, boundaries of metallogenetic provinces and districts are sketched. Many countries published national metallogenetic maps. Europe is covered
by several sheets of the Metallogenetic Map of Europe and Neighbouring Countries (scale 1:1 250 000; Emberger 1984) and by one sheet of the Mineral Atlas of the World (scale 1:10 000 000; published by the Commission de la Carte Géologique du Monde, CGMW, Paris, and the Geological Survey of Norway, NGU, Trondhejm 1997). Digital maps and supporting mineral deposit data banks are replacing the printed media; stacked data (including geology, geophysics, geochemistry etc.) are analysed in GIS or comparable software, often draped over satellite images or digital elevation models (DEMs). Spatial metallogenetic information serves scientific interests, but its main use is practical, for estimates of undiscovered resources and mineral deposits, and for mapping mineral prospectivity that facilitates strategic planning of exploration (e.g. Carranza & Sadeghi 2010).
A statistical method to identify metallogenetic provinces and epochs was presented by Wilkinson & Kesler (2009), built from a large data-base on porphyry copper deposits. The authors propose to determine regions with a special endowment (metallogenetic provinces) and periods of enhanced deposit formation (metallogenetic epochs), after correcting the age-frequency and deposit-density distributions for loss by uplift and erosion as well as subsidence and burial. Although the authors discern the Late Eocene and the Middle Miocene as epochs of enhanced porphyry copper mineralization in South America, they find that spatial distribution remains unpredictable. The key to “deciphering the predisposition of orogen segments for exceptional mineral endowment” (Sillitoe 2008) remains improvement of geological understanding.
Dear Friends, Thanks for valuable ansvers and suggestions. I think that RG provides really a scientific communication portal for scientists who wants to share knowledge and experience with others.