Some say that minimun is 0.18, others say that lower than 0.36 leaves cement unhydrated that never gets hydrated even if extenal water is added during curing. Can you guide me with research support?
If you can prevent loss of moisture from concrete then for SSD conditions of aggregates you need only 0.23
water cement ratio and additional water added is only for workability.
The optimum w/c for optimum hydration is 0.38, only 0.23 is required for the hydration process, while the remaining 0.15 is for workability of the mixture
This value depends on the degree of grinding of the cement, the Blaine specific surface area and the cement grain size in order to be able to determine the water demand of the cement.
The minimum water cement (w/c) ratio depends on factors like fineness of cement (Min 280 kg/m3), clinker used, Sp. gravity and grain size. Basically, min w/c ratio will be 0.4 for concrete. But for mortar, it will be less (around 30%). Only cement and water for hydration, it may be around 20 ± 2%.
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