1. Drinking water treatment plants
2. Waste water treatment plants
Thank you for your answers. Any reference (papers or books) for these values ?
Are there public treatment plants ( water/waste water) using ultrafilteration ? The cost is very high for large scale operations using ultrafilteration, isn't it?
Hello Renjith Renjith VishnuRadhan
Here in Belgium we use UF on clarified effluent of medium-large sewage and wastewater treatment plants for water reuse at low cost.
In some cases RO/NF units are added such as for (indirect) potable water reuse. In that case the cost is higher but can be minimized by a good design that extends the economic service life of the RO/NF membranes to over 10 years i.o. of the usual 3 - 5 years.
i think you mean process filtration and not laboratory.
the available ones and the common used are Cartridge filter 5 microns absolut ( as brands: Cobetter, Brother, Picofaceat, Pall & others). in a good filtration, total partiles counted should be roughly less than 100 particles per ml - can discuss more details if required-
Regarding a lab filtration, a wide range of Filter papers are available depend on your filtration purpose and tests targets. a mixed cellulose filter paper 0.45 micron can be a good reference for process quality monitoring.
please feel free for any further support. thanks.
It depends on the treatment plat characteristics.
What is your requirement?
Consider a conventional drinking water treatment plant which has water intake from a nearby river. What will be the size (minimum) of particles filtered by the plant before rendering potable water?
One should ask the markets companies for what they do offer the costumers. Otherwise, there is no true limit for that when we use some previous chemical treatments to the filtration process. As a result, the answer is a case specific and may then have several rightful options.
I think there are several different sizes, but the best 0,45 milli micron cellulose paper is good option.
If the comment of Dr. Al-khashman is related to my answer, it would be necessary to clarify my comments. When we talk about a Water Treatment Plant (WTP), we do not only mean a simple filter. At the same time, it is possible to call a composite filter as a Station or WTP. There are several kinds of filters or WTPs. Consequently, It depends on the case whether the particles must pass by a membrane, be simply precipitated in one of the WTP compartments or else.
Both colloidal and settle able particles present in raw water are efficiently removed by chemical methods like, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation in the clarifier followed by sand filter which removes all the particle size causing turbidity.
You should check your country's regulations regarding suspended solids in drinking water, since the rest you should treat with a settler, according to the size of the particle you want to decant.
Minimum size which can filter is 0.65 mili micron. However it depend upon various factors like type of filter and treatment plant.
It depends on the type of filter
Nano membranes can be effectively used for small particals
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