First question: what is the basis for assuming that consciousness arises from physical processes that occur in the brain? Do we have any evidence for this that transcends consciousness?

Am in line with Agnieszka Matylda Schlichtinger With respect to your query Renjith Vijayakumar Selvarani I do consider consciousness as a capacity of our higher nervous system, while awake or aware. In this sense, we as humans have the potential for creative self-creation by advancing awareness of our being. While the nature (biology) of our consciousness is physically embedded in our body, it cannot be identified with the origin of our consciousness.

Therefore, I do agree with Max Planck:

As a man who has devoted his whole life to the most clearheaded science, to the study of matter, I can tell you as a result of my research about atoms this much: There is no matter as such. All matter originates and exists only by virtue of a force which brings the particle of an atom to vibration and holds this most minute solar system of the atom together. We must assume behind this force the existence of a conscious and intelligent Mind. This Mind is the matrix of all matter.

(Max Planck, “Das Wesen der Materie” (speech in Florence, Italy, 1944).

Get in tune with the higher consciousness that envelops you and all other consciousnesses. Feel the awe. And then find purpose. Rather than recoiling in horror at the loneliness, embrace the life of the universe and allow it to embrace you. You will be on stronger ground assuming that the whole universe is conscious than assuming that an individual is conscious.

RVS, most of my articles on this site answer your first question.

The academic assembly line of today Cosmin Visan

Science is a wonderful thing if one does not have to earn one’s living at it. — Albert Einstein

Brain is only structure nothing with counscessness but its outcome like mind and learning are responsible it.

The overt sign of alertness is part of counsces.

Gerardo Ó. Matía Cubillo Yes, it could be modeled that way, however, I think this is where another problem arises, as those entities that exist in our thoughts or in so-called objective reality are not necessarily as disconnected as they might seem, look at quantum phenomena for example. In addition, our thoughts have a significant impact on our perception of the so-called external world. I once went to an amusement park where there was a house set upside down. All the furniture was on the ceiling, lamps on the floor, etc. When I entered this house, I immediately felt nauseous, and other people reacted similarly. What I saw there was strongly different from what I expected from my so-called subconscious. I think the issue of consciousness is so difficult that its explanation requires going beyond methodological naturalism, which is otherwise considered one of the foundations of modern science.

In turn, I asked about formalization in terms of the possibility of formalizing myth in another thread.

Consciousness is not a process in the brain, but a kind of behaviour that is controlled by the brain.

consciousness is awareness of internal and external existence.

It usual arise through the thinking process of the mind and emotions.

Any scientific answer to

“What is the fundamental nature of consciousness, and how does it arise from the physical processes of the brain?”

- is principally impossible in mainstream philosophy and sciences since in the mainstream all really fundamental phenomena/notions, first of all in this case “Matter”, “Consciousness”, “Space”, “Time”, “Energy”, “Information”, are fundamentally completely transcendent/uncertain/irrational,

- while really these phenomena can be scientifically defined only together.

The phenomena/notions above [and not only] can be, and are, scientifically defined only in framework of the Shevchenko-Tokarevsky’s really philosophical 2007 “The Information as Absolute” conception, recent version of the basic paper see

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363645560_The_Information_as_Absolute_-_2022_ed

- including in the conception it is rigorously scientifically proven that any consciousness is fundamentally non-material informational system, and so fundamentally cannot arise from any material structure, including practically material brain.

Really, any versions of “consciousness on Earth, including human’s one, exist an operate mostly fundamentally outside Matter and in own space, which only partially crosses with Matter’s space [utmost universal – and observable directly - Matter’s space has the 3XYZ dimensions],

- while any consciousness can in principle operate in arbitrary space dimensions additionally to “own” dimensions, which are unknown for humans till now.

Brain is only a practically material, and so principally auxiliary, consciousness’s functional module, which is used mostly as the consciousness power supply, “hard disk”, and for decoding purely material signals of body’s sensors into languages that are used by main, fundamentally non-material, functional modules.

More see first few sections [and “Conclusion”, though] in the link above, more about consciousness in detail see the SS&VT first approximation functional model of consciousness in https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329539892_The_Information_as_Absolute_conception_the_consciousness;

To read SS posts and links in the posts, in

in https://www.researchgate.net/post/The-origin-of-life-the-biggest-unanswered-question-in-biology#view=6683783171a3aabc79099a62

- and https://www.researchgate.net/post/The-driver-of-biological-evolution-genetics-or-ecology#view=6659e97abe61e9d6100799d4/1/2/3/4 , it is useful as well.

Cheers