Students' conceptions of Project-based learning (PBL). We wanna apply phenomenography to investigate students conceptions. Therefore we would like to know the difference between 'Phenomenography' vs 'Phenomenology'
Some links to help you understand the difference:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17482620601068105
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0729436970160206
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740818816301116
The first article mentioned above intricately details the differences - phenomenography as an approach developed within education for instance - and shows results the same using each approach. Hope it works well!
Dear Md. Shahadat,
You are looking for the main difference between Phenomenology and Phenomenography, There are main diferences between the two educational approaches. I am attaching a PDF that elaborates on this issue.
I hope that it helps.
Best regards,
Orlando
Dear Rolando, Cohenmiller and Orlando
Many thanks
Regards
Shahadat, PhD
The following sources should also be helpful to your topic, particularly: what is phenomenography? (Svensson, 1994, pp. 9-12); the main differences (Richardson, 1999, pp. 60-61); phenomenography and phenomenology (Marton, 2005, Chapter 10, pp. 151-153).
- Marton, F. (2005). Phenomenography: A research approach to investigating different understandings of reality. In: Sherman, R. R. and Webb, R. B. (eds.) Qualitative Research in Education: Focus and Methods - Explorations in Ethnography Series. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis e-Library, pp. 140-160.
- Richardson, J. T. E. (1999). The Concepts and Methods of Phenomenographic Research. Review of Educational Research, 69, 1, pp. 53-82
- Svensson, L. (1994). Theoretical foundations of phenomenography. In: Ballantyne, R. and Bruce, C. (eds.) Phenomenography: Philosophy and Practice - Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia, 7-9 November 1994. Brisbane, Australia: Queensland University of Technology, pp. 9-20.
With phenomenology you are looking at a theoretical stance which may lead to various methodological choices. Phenomenography is a methodology rather than a theoretical positioning.
Phenomenology has something to do with lived experiences while phenomenography has something to do with the participants' conception of a certain idea.
Phenomenography is not phenomenology. Phenomenographers adopt an empirical orientation and they investigate the experiences of others. The focus of interpretive phenomenology is upon the essence of the phenomenon, whereas the focus of phenomenography is upon the essence of the experiences and the subsequent perceptions of the phenomenon.
Phenomenology and Phenomenography are both phenomenon related methodologies. The first one looks at the phenomenon itself (first order perspective) and the latter looks at experiences and conceptions of the phenomenon (second order perspective). To complete the picture, we need to mention interpretative phenomenological analysis, which looks at how people make sense of their experiences of a phenomenon (probably a third order perspective?).
While it has been repeated above that Phenomenology is the study of a phenomenon and Phenomenography is the study of the experiences around a phenomenon, I found this sentence particularly helpful for my own understanding:
"Whereas “phenomenology” refers to the study of what is objective in subjective experience, including the structures of subjectivity itself, “phenomenography” refers to the study of what is subjective in subjective experience."
Source: Internet Encyclopedia of Psychology https://iep.utm.edu/phen-psy/#SH4a
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