Styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) is a type of thermoplastic elastomer that has the same elasticity as rubber at normal temperatures and can melt and flow like plastics at high temperatures. Therefore, SBS modified asphalt is not viscous when heated and is not brittle when cooled, and also has high flexibility and anti-aging properties. The amount of SBS added to asphalt is typically between 5%- 10%.
Poly Phosphoric Acid (PPA), is a liquid mineral polymer that is used to modify and enhance paving grade bitumen. Due to the presence of OH in the chemical formula of PPA, bitumen can react with this part of PPA to form a cohesive compound. Please see the bellow paper:
Article Interplay between wax and polyphosphoric acid and its effect...
PPA works as a stiffener and cross-linker when used with SBS. Also PPA can improve the delayed elastic response of the SBS modified binder. Further, PPA is a hydrophilic material and easily attracts water. I personally experience from my study that Bitumen modified with higher % of PPA had a tendency to moisture susceptibility and loose strength.