Dear Prof. Ovgun,

                               I think there is a problem somewhere of mixing up classical and quantum concepts of information. However, since it has been recently proved that quantum mechanics can be analysed by building probabilistic models, hence I am going to suggest that you consider only the velocity of information under full gravity and through a medium of zero impedence to just focus on the velocity. Then you will see if you care to take a look at my Econophysics monograph on Entrepreneural Behavior and Incomplete Asset Marketson my RG page, that a very general utility optimisation problem using a single consumption good (material meeting certain defined production standards) can over a learnt state space using information about the state space (partitions) can give rise to the Shannon Entropy measure of information using Lagrangean Actions by bounded rational actors in a market system with a environment from which Arrow-Debreu fundamental states and goods are derived. This will show that the velocity of information can be answered using the Shannon Model.in Econophysics applications. SKM QC

is number 3 physical ?? or what You mean by asking about is information physical ? physial is something You can feel or touch ?? 

Information like enthropy is some quantity You can derive from  statistical or better classical system. Of cours for QM states You can also introduce information or entrophy (like von Neumman).   

there is not something like "information entrophy" If You have entrophy you can derive information and if you have information You can derive entrophy. so if you have statistical system with states You can derive both of them. 

since it has been recently proved that quantum mechanics can be analysed by building probabilistic models, - show this !!!  or read John Baez paper and show that You can not describe Quantum system as statistical system (HINT ! commutative  (statistic) and non commutative (QM) algerba ).

Dear Ali Övgün,

Regardless of the type of information that people, animals, inanimate, facts, events, processes and so on. the information and knowledge about. Knowledge is expressed in the form of certain facts and dependencies between them. Create information, transmit, store, process possible. 

Information is stimuli that has meaning in some context for its receiver. When information is entered into and stored in a computer, it is generally referred to as data. After processing (such as formatting and printing), output data can again be perceived as information.

Regards, Shafagat

http://www.sveiby.com/articles/Information.html

I do not know the exact answer to your questions, but a hint about them could be obtained from the fact that it seems that, based on the Brillouin (Landauer) principle, a mass can be assigned to a bit of information. If this is so, then the answer to (at least the first two) of your questions may be affirmative. See a detailed discussion about this issue in: L. Herrera, “The mass of a bit of information and the Brillouin's principle”, Fluctuation and Noise Letters 13,1450002-5,(2014).

Sean Carrol says  the world is made of waves that just seem like particles when they interect with something. You could argue that in a similar way physicality is really just information influencing minds.

Information is nothing but raw data.

It may be alphabets, symbols, numbers,........... 

An interesting question.  But I do not see any good answers (my opinion). 

L. Herrera, I found your paper on arXiv and read it.  I have a question and two observations.  Can you send a link to a freely available version in which the Brillouin relation is derived?  I tried looking for your references but it rapidly became tedious and I found nothing of use.

My first observation is that this is the energy to change a bit, not the mass of a bit.  This energy would come into play whether changing the information state from A to B, or from B to A.  Therefore it does not give a mass "of" the information stored.  In fact, it does not quantify how much information is stored.  What we would need to do is to suppose, possibly, a memory of X number of bits, and ask how much information is therein?  Does one pattern store more information or another?  If all the bits are identical, does this store more or less information than a random pattern?  These are the kinds of questions necessary for comparison to entropy.

My second observation is an intuitive check on the magnitude of the amount of energy required to change one bit, which is given as about the energy of an optical photon.  Does this mean an infrared photon cannot be detected or recorded without use of auxiliary energy?  Or only multiples of infrared photons?  I am just asking.  I do not know the answer.  Obviously optical photons can change atomic states.  Microwave photons en masse can change the thermal state, but perhaps only one of them not by a detectable amount?

Answer to Shuler:

A) No, I have no links to a to a freely available version in which the Brillouin relation is derived.

B) The inference from the Brillouin (Landauer) principle is rather evident. If the decreasing in one bit of information leads to decreasing of certain amount of mass, it seems reasonable to associate such a mass to the information

Dear all,

Entropy as a name Shannon had given the information measure he prescribed is actually a fancy name to attract attention to the concept -- as advised by one of his colloquies, next door in AT&T: give a name to your measure from Physics so that our people will think it is a concept borrowed from Physics and conversely Physicians will think it is a "similar" concept but in Information Science; and hence nobody will question it !!!  

Don't bother to seek for a reasonable/theoretical relationship between the Entropy in Thermodynamics and the Entropy in Information Science.

Cheers, -taner

"Everything" can be information, if we can perceive it. Every event which occurs in the universe or every data become information as soon as they are perceived, received. We could now philosophically discuss if the receiver has to be complex enough to interpret that information (input) and produce another information (output) in response. Thus yes, information is always something physical. A physical event or feature perceived through motion. Motion of electromagnetic radiation, mechanical waves, motion of a body, electrons flowing in a microchip etc. Even our thought works through motion of nerve impulses, neurotransmitters and so on.

In the light of this, we could state that information is rather a physical process, where a feature (data etc.) is known by a receiver (human or not) through the motion of a carrier. Where both the feature, the receiver and the carrier are physical objects.    

Even about quantum entanglement this view may works if we consider the information to be carried by space's quanta themselves.

Entropy: A concept that is not a physical quantity

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230554936_Entropy_A_concept_that_is_not_a_physical_quantity

Dear Readers,

Not withstanding my earlier comment in fact to expand on it I think it would be important to go to the start of any algorithm of observation and the first step would be to identify the source of the information. Please refer to my paper Mallick (2014) on my page www.researchgate.net/profile/Soumitra_Mallick in which you will observe that inorder to systems integrate after systems classification in string theory resolution of electronic stock exchange experiments, see proposition 1 that the observer has to have certain genetic qualities of learning even when time and the learning field is Riemannian and unidirectional (Arrow of Time), otherwise information cannot be a force category , even when you build in the properties of system entropy i.e. 1 d.o.f. information and energy , statistically. A precursor is contained in my Econophysical PhD thesis at NYU, Mallick (1993).

Soumitra K. Mallick