Biochar plays a significant role in improving the chemical properties of sandy soil by increasing its cation exchange capacity (CEC). This enhancement allows the soil to retain essential nutrients, such as potassium, calcium, and magnesium, which would otherwise leach away quickly due to the low nutrient-holding capacity of sandy soil. Biochar also helps to raise the pH of acidic sandy soils, making them more suitable for plant growth. Additionally, it can improve soil microbial activity by providing a habitat for beneficial microorganisms. Overall, biochar contributes to soil fertility, reduces nutrient loss, and supports sustainable agricultural practices in sandy soils.

Ionic exchange in sandy soil is crucial for improving nutrient retention, soil fertility, and water-holding capacity. It helps prevent nutrient leaching, regulates pH, and supports plant growth. Enhancing ionic exchange through organic matter or soil amendments significantly boosts the productivity of sandy soils.

Organic materials enhance the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of sandy soil by increasing negatively charged sites that attract and hold essential nutrients. They prevent nutrient leaching, improve nutrient availability, and support plant growth.