It is now more than twenty years since the LMD meaning Licence-Master-Doctorat (Bachelor's-Master's-Doctorate) was introduced in the European Higher Education System. This system aimed at standardising the levels and organising recognition of the degrees in the different countries, amongst other things. The system was adopted shortly after by several developing countries. Many were ill-prepared for this adoption and met several absorption problems. There is a great need to know how this absorption process went. What problems et difficulties were met. More profoundly, the key question is how appropriate and relevant is the LMD to higher education systems in the South?
The impact is very large, especially in primary and secondary education. With the LMD system, most students use cellphones and laptops to play games and rarely use them for studying. This condition occurs in rural areas in particular.
Despite the shift towards the LMD system in developing countries, the means and capabilities are still associated today with the classical system
Many thanks for your contribution. I share your view on the means. This is one aspect. This could be extended to many other aspects of implementation of the LMD
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