This is a good question.

A sample labelled wheel graph is given in

K. Vaithilingam, Difference labeling of some graph families, Int. J. of Math. and Statistics Invention 2, 2014, no. 6, 37-43:

http://www.ijmsi.org/Papers/Volume.2.Issue.6/E026037043.pdf

See Example w_5, page 42.

More to the point, a good source of mathematics about wheel and other graphs is

G.J. Musiker, A combinatorial comparison of elliptic curves and critical groups of graphs, Ph.D. thesis, University of California San Diego, 2007:

http://www.math.umn.edu/~musiker/Thesis.pdf

For example, see the Laplacian matrix obtained from a (q,t) wheel graph (just after Theorem 5.3 proof) on page 104.

Labeling the vertices as well as edges with some given conditions is a problem called ' graph labeling problem' and lot of literature is available on this topic. Initially this topic was initiated by Professor A. Rosa. Also see 'Dynamic survey on graph labeling' by Gallian