@ Sundas, before the start of composting process in your field you need to do the following things: 1. Clear a space in your field after exposing bare soil. 2. Build a base layer of straw or twigs. 3. Add layers of materials to be composted one at a time, alternating between brown and green materials. 4. Incorporate a nitrogen source to start decomposition.5.Keep the pile moist.6. Be assured that sufficient microorganisms are present for decomposition.

In general, four main factors control the composting process: moisture content, carbon:nitrogen ratio of the material, temperature and oxygen (aeration). You have to be assured that it should be optimum. Beside this, microbial population on your compost pit is very important for decomposition.

Sundus Abdulkariem Alabdulla

Adding to the good information of J. C. Tarafar. The so called brown material is usually straws and the so called green materials are green leafy material or animal manures which are not green in color but high in nitrogen like leafy material.

In order to generate heat for more rapid composting the piles should build up to more than 1 cubic meter to retain the decomposition heat.

The temperature of the compost pile is used to facilitate a uniform process. A long stemmed metal thermometer is used to see the pile heat up and when the heat subsidies the pile is mixed and the pile will heat again. When the pile no longer heats when turned the composting is stabilized and the compost can be used or stored for use.

I a compost pile the moisture should be present but not too much. The compost should not be bad smelling ever as it signifies problems and materials are toxic. \\

Dear Dr Sundus Abdulkariem Alabdulla . See the following useful link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/fertilizer-application

Before applying any fertilizer, take into account the stage of plant development, the soil type and condition, the temperature, moisture, and wind. The person applying the fertilizer should take care of personal safety. Follow label directions carefully. See the link: https://www.topperlearning.com/answer/what-are-precautions-should-be-taken-for-the-application-of-fertilizers-in-the-cultivated-field/2upcg66

Kindly see also the following good link: https://agritech.tnau.ac.in/agriculture/agri_nutrientmgt_methodsoffertilizerappln.html

If you are talking about composting prior seeding or transplanting, better to consider:

1. Field should be free from previous crop.

2. The first ploughing should be already accomplished.

3. FYM must be well decomposed.

4. Do not spread the FYM in the field to prevent from nutrient loss from volatilization and leaching.

5. If you need to store the FYM for few days in the field, cover it with mulching materials, soil or black polythene sheet.

6. Spread the FYM thoroughly/uniformly in the field.

7. Cover the spread FYM with soil properly for efficient use of its nutrients by plants.

So many factors may be considered in preparing fertilizer program for a field. These are:

1. Soil type/topography.

2. Current soil nutrient level

3. Crop nutrient requirement of potential crop relative to the current soil nutrient level.

4. Crop history; residue and ratoons of harvested or previous from potential field.

5. Tillage system used on the field.

These factors will help farmers determine the type of fertilizer program to prepare for the field.

the settings in consideration

- Soil analysis - Plant requirements - Take stock from this assessment: the fertilization will be reasoned, studied

the export by the crop and the contributions from the fertilizers by taking into consideration the reserves of the soil nutrients. This is the balance method. Reasoning fertilization well comes down to protecting the environment.