What is the embedded energy of commercial flocculants?

01 January 2013 0 5K Report

I am looking for additional data on the embedded energy or energy equivalence of flocculants where embedded energy is the total amount of energy both direct and indirect used to produce a product..

A general figure for the embedded energy of flocculants has been estimated at 20 MJ kg-1 (Beal et al., 2012). Embedded energy figures have also been given in the literature for Ferric/Ferrous Chloride 3.2 kWhr kg-1 (11.5 MJ kg-1 ) and Alum 4.04 kWhr kg-1 (14.5 MJ kg-1) (Maas, 2009)

Any information and additional references would be gratefully received.

BEAL, C., HEBNER, R., WEBBER, M., RUOFF, R. & SEIBERT, A. 2012. The Energy Return on Investment for Algal Biocrude: Results for a Research Production Facility. BioEnergy Research, 5,(2), 341-362

MAAS, C. 2009. Greenhouse Gas and Energy Co-Benefits of Water Conservation. Canadian Water and Wastewater Association.

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