I am confused about 2D materials and layeredness. Is it necessary for layered materials to be 2D and vice versa? Or the Layeredness / layerness is just an additional property of a few 2D materials.
You can check these papers, which explain about the 2D materials.
1- Recent Progress in the Fabrication, Properties, and Devices of Heterostructures Based on 2D Materials. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-019-0245-5
2- Ionic vs. van der Waals layered materials: identification and comparison of elastic anisotropy. DOI: 10.1039/c8ta04933e.
3- Two-dimensional layered materials: from mechanical and coupling properties towards applications in electronics. DOI:10.1039/C9NR03611C
According to our understanding any material, such as metal oxide semiconductor, can be arranged in layers, so they are called layered. For example, if you have a stack of atomically thin layer of a semiconductor, this will also term as layered materials. On the other hand, 2D materials have natural ability to arrange themself into layered structure, that's why they are known as layered 2D materials.
2D materials can be defined in two approaches: the one considering by materials scientists besides the one admitted by physicists. The latter involved the "one layer" not one atomic and the former is related to any layer materials with less than 100 nm thickness. However, in layered materials, none of this threshold is important. Regarding this definition, the lower value in one dimension compared to the other two dimensions is critical, not necessarily less than 100 nm. Usually, it is possible to use layered structures to synthesize 2D materials.
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