Dear Javad Yasini, the proper answer to your question was already given by
@Raymond Rumpf on Research Gate:
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Difference_between_TE-TM_modes_and_horizontal-vertical_polarization
Hope this helps.
Best,
Manuel
Hi Manuel Gómez
Yes, it is very helpful for me, but I want to know "Are TE TM modes only defined for plasmonic structures? I mean if I don't have a plasmonic structure I don't have these modes either."
the main differences between TE-TM modes and X-Y polarization in a photonic crystal fiber used as a temperature sensor are:
TE-TM modes refer to the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) propagating modes inside the fiber. TE modes have the electric field transverse to the propagation direction, while TM modes have the magnetic field transverse.
X-Y polarization refers to the linear polarization states of light coupled into the fiber. The X polarization is oriented along one axis of the fiber core, while Y is oriented along the orthogonal axis.
TE-TM modes are properties of the fiber structure and guided propagation. X-Y polarization describes the input light polarization before coupling.
Changes in temperature alter the fiber structure, affecting the effective indices and propagation constants of the TE and TM modes differently. This leads to wavelength shifts in the transmission spectrum.
For temperature sensing, both the TE-TM modal birefringence and polarization-dependent loss due to heating are exploited. Light with distinct X-Y polarizations probes the temperature-induced changes.
So in summary, TE-TM modes describe the guided light propagation, while X-Y polarization refers to the input light state used to interrogate the temperature-dependent modal properties of the fiber. Both effects together enable highly sensitive temperature measurement using a photonic crystal fiber sensor.
Dear Jamal N. A. Hassan
Thank you very much for your helpful explanation.
Now everything is clear to me.
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