As you consider the actual weather or atmospheric properties as "the weather" itself and persistent weather properties over a large time period as "climate" on Earth, same assumptions can be made for the space weather and space climate subjects. Space weather is the now-casting situations or the actual conditions about the Earth's plasma environment around and the space climate is considered to be in the longer periods and how this energetic environment behaves as a structure.

Very well said Arif! I see the Space Weather goal has predicting, now and future atmospheric state, in real-time. While the Space Climate focus is rather on history, its goal being to construct the inventory of atmospheric states, using re-analysis.

But nowadays, with so much future climate concerns and speculations, humans are also trying to predict, and eventually control, future climate at various scales in space and time. To the best of my knowledge, I recall humans are also trying to control the near-future weather, for example by having planes spreading certain chemicals in order to provoke precipitations.

Since the global society is migrating into a climate management era, climate everything, past climate, future climate, local climate, global climate, etc., I feel I can safely say that the distinction between weather and climate comes down to the following ...

Weather refers to a single moment in time while climate is an integration of these moments in time.

Your questions are interesting. Hope this provides some insights towards better answers.

Dear Stephan,

Excellent answer!

You have addressed the concepts very clearly. You must be a great teacher and wonderful scholar.

Regards

Thanks for your compliments Oyedemi! I am very passionate about everything earth observation and love sharing my perceptions in this field. Have a great day!

Dear Stephan,

And you, too.

weather is what's happening. Climate is the integration of weather over time. Record the weathers. analyze the results. come up with climate.

I love Pat answer for it is short and simple.

But, since we are in the era striving either to prevent the global climate to change, to better adapt to global climate change, to better manage climate change-related disasters and to better predict climate in the future, or as an alternative to global climate change prevention, simply attempt to control the global climate. Just like for earth's vegetation that must nowadays be very carefully managed, I think governments must now control water, air quality and air temperature just like governments must, from now on, micro manage all forests and micro manage utilization of their respective territories.

I attempt to describe the complicated climate-related politics rather than providing a simple answer like Pat.

We should all know that in the era of Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain technology, more than ever before, words should be considered to be abstractions and abstraction constructs, i.e. questions, answers, headlines, articles, political statements, legal documents, etc., should be completely considered subject to multiple interpretations, in various cultural spaces and at different times for machines as well as for humans.

So it all become a matter of intention when it comes to throwing or answering research questions and writing research papers. Who do we write for, a machine, all existing machines, for all the future machines, for humans, existing human researchers, future human researchers, and various humans and machines combos or to the whole, the universal, to the source?

Just thought this Sunday, I would provide a fresh perspectives on this very hot research topic, cheers!

Dear Stephan,

I agree with you completely. Great contribution! Regards