I've read many posts and papers, where both the terms are used interchangeably. For instance, I read this sentence somewhere: "Codebook-based precoding is a promising new technique of beamforming". Now here I'm confuse. Are the two terms same?
As stated in a blog post by Prof. Björnson, the two words can be used to denote the same thing. However, sometimes "beamforming" is used to denote the analog version (using phase shifters, one RF chain for all the antennas) while "precoding" denotes the fully digital one (one RF chain per antenna).
Here is the blog post for a detailed explanation:
https://ma-mimo.ellintech.se/2017/10/03/what-is-the-difference-between-beamforming-and-precoding/
Beamforming and precoding are related concepts in wireless communication, but they are not the same thing.
Beamforming refers to the process of shaping the transmission signal to achieve a specific radiation pattern, in order to improve the signal quality at the receiver.
Beamforming can be done in many ways, such as with a directional antenna or by adjusting the phases of the transmission signal at multiple antennas.
Precoding, on the other hand, is a technique used in multi-antenna systems like MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), which are used to increase the data rates and reliability of wireless communication. Precoding involves transforming the data to be transmitted before it is sent out through the antennas, in order to exploit the spatial dimension of the channel. The goal is to maximize the received signal quality while minimizing interference and noise.
Codebook-based precoding is a type of precoding method that uses a predefined set of precoding matrices, known as a codebook, to map the data to be transmitted to the available antennas. Each matrix in the codebook represents a different beamforming pattern, and the optimal matrix is chosen based on the channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. Codebook-based precoding is often used in MU-MIMO systems, where the transmitter has multiple antennas and the receiver has a single antenna.
In summary, beamforming is a technique for shaping the transmission signal, while precoding is a technique for transforming the data to be transmitted. Codebook-based precoding is a type of precoding that uses a predefined set of matrices to map the data to the available antennas.
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