What is the ideal value of UACI for image encryption scheme?

UACI - Unified Averaged Changed Intensity between cipher images. Why some papers refer ideal value to be 33.33 and some refer it to be 33.46? Which is the correct value? (In reference to image...

11 February 2021 9,562 2 View

Should a better value for UACI be below or closer to ideal values or higher as possible?

The ideal theoretical value for UACI(Unified Average Changed Intensity) is 33.33% for testing the robustness of image encryption algorithm against differential attacks. Is it better to have a UACI...

30 January 2021 2,016 3 View

How to find the chi square test value for histograms of plain and cipher image?

I want to test the uniformness of values in histogram through chi-square analysis in an image encryption algorithm.

29 January 2021 4,093 2 View

What are different ways to compare the histogram of cipher images from various encryption schemes?

Is there a metric to find if one histogram of cipher image is better than other? I tried calculating the variance of the image but couldn't get the intended results. Are there ways to compare...

28 January 2021 479 3 View

How is the variance for an image exactly computed to test the uniformness of its histogram?

I am trying to compute the variance of a plain and cipher grayscale LENA image... I found in a paper that variance value is equal to 630780 for a plain Lena image while if I calculate I find it...

28 January 2021 8,036 5 View

Should the correlation between adjacent pixels in a cipher image be low or close to zero as possible?

This question in the relation to calculating the horizontal, vertical, and diagonal correlation of a cipher image in an encryption algorithm. I have read that the correlation values should be as...

13 January 2021 1,297 4 View

What are some of the efficient techniques used for image scrambling?

I am using 3D Arnold transform for my EC-ElGamal encryption technique but it consumes a lot of time during the execution of the program using Python. So I was wondering if there are BETTER ideas...

07 January 2021 205 2 View

What are the assumptions and limitations of Miner's rule ? Is there any better cumulative damage model available for steel?

What are the assumptions behind miner's rule? Is there any cumulative damage model that takes care of these assumptions?

14 December 2020 333 1 View

How do i code to get the correlation coefficient along horizontal, vertical and diagonal for plain and cipher images?

I am trying to do the correlation analysis for grayscale images and their ciphers in Python or MATLAB. But I don't understand how to code the same. Also, I didn't get any function or existing code...

01 December 2020 6,388 3 View

What is the significance of hysteretic energy in RC member?

How can we use the energy demand of beams and columns or other structural memebers in real fileld? What are the applications of energy based design method?

25 November 2020 7,433 1 View

error in running a model in Abaqus

Excessive rotation of nodes in node set ErrNodeExcessRotation-Step1

17 August 2021 0 0 View

error in modelling model in Abaqus

Excessive rotation of nodes in node set ErrNodeExcessRotation-Step1

17 August 2021 0 0 View

MGL tools

20 June 2021 0 0 View

flexibility of polymers chain

effect of double bond on the flexibility of polymers

07 April 2021 0 0 View

i have some problem with chtMultiRegionSimpleFoam

--> FOAM FATAL ERROR: Maximum number of iterations exceeded From function Foam::scalar Foam::species::thermo::T(Foam::scalar, Foam::scalar, Foam::scalar, Foam::scalar (Foam::species::thermo::*)(Foam::scalar, Foam::scalar) const, Foam::scalar (Foam::species::thermo::*)(Foam::scalar, Foam::scalar) const, Foam::scalar (Foam::species::thermo::*)(Foam::scalar) const) const [with Thermo = Foam::hConstThermo >; Type = Foam::sensibleEnthalpy; Foam::scalar = double; Foam::species::thermo = Foam::species::thermo >, Foam::sensibleEnthalpy>] in file /home/ubuntu/OpenFOAM/OpenFOAM-4.1/src/thermophysicalModels/specie/lnInclude/thermoI.H at line 66. FOAM aborting #0 Foam::error::printStack(Foam::Ostream&) at ??:? #1 Foam::error::abort() at ??:? #2 Foam::heRhoThermo >, Foam::sensibleEnthalpy> > > >::calculate() at ??:? #3 Foam::heRhoThermo >, Foam::sensibleEnthalpy> > > >::correct() at ??:? #4 ? at ??:? #5 __libc_start_main in "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6" #6 ? at ??:?

24 March 2021 0 0 View

Formulation of polymer color flakes

I am writing to request some information for making polymer color flakes. I would appreciate the help.

17 March 2021 0 0 View

Physics: Why do we describe light by referring to its wavelength, but microwaves and radar pulses by referring to their frequency?

In physics, the description of the properties of light generally refers to its wavelength (nm), while in the range of microwaves and radio waves we refer to the frequency of a signal (e.g. kHz or...

03 March 2021 1,682 3 View

Why can't make aluminum nitride film successfully by use sputter?

We use reactive sputtering process to make aluminum nitride film, and want to make c-axis aluminum nitride film on a silicon substrate, but the crystal orientation cannot be seen with...

03 March 2021 7,975 3 View

What's the best way to measure growth rates in House sparrow chicks from day 2 to day 10?

What's the best way to measure growth rates in House sparrow chicks from day 2 to day 10? Since, the growth curve from day 2 to 10 won't be like the "Logistic curve" it might not follow logistic...

03 March 2021 1,401 3 View

What is the production process of CaFe ferroalloys?

I looking for ferro calcium production process

03 March 2021 1,755 4 View