I'm confused about the concept. Is there any difference between graphitized carbon and grapthitic carbon? Since my carbon has multi-layers, it can't be called graphene, so we chosed the name "graphitized carbon"
Another question is how to judge a "graphitized carbon" from TEM. I got the comment from the journal reviewer, who stated my carbon is not graphitized, but from the Raman, the intensity ratio G/D=1.9, and 002 peak (23.4) 100 peak (43.1) are observed in XRD. Why the reviewer still states that the carbon is disordered?
the reviewer's comment is like this:
"graphitization" refers to conversion to graphite, which typically occurs at much higher temperatures (> 2000 C) and leads to highly ordered solids with 3D XRD peaks and defined layer registry. The spectroscopy and TEM images indicate that these are relatively disordered carbon materials, and this would also be expected from the heteroatom content of the precursor and the modest carbonization temperatures used
Thank you very much for help.
Dear Jian,
Graphitized carbon is usually prepared by using a graphitization process leading to the formation of graphite structure. Sharp peaks are observed at 2 teta around 26º and 43º, which are assigned to the (002) and (100) diffraction of graphitic carbons. A sharp (002) peak is associated with a high graphitic character compared to a broad diffuse peak seen in amorphous carbon. So, I would say that there is no difference between graphitized and graphitic carbon. Graphene has another structure, therefore it is not related to your material. Judging from the data shown in your XRD pattern, the reviewer comment makes sense. The conditions used to obtain your material were not adequate to obtain a graphite structure since the (002) is not sharp enough to consider it a graphitic carbon. Indeed, the broad diffuse peak is typical of amorphous structures. You may argue that some crystallisation has occurred but yet not enough to say that you managed to produce a graphitized carbon.
Kind regards,
Fernando Costa Oliveira
Lisboa, 29th September 2015
Dear Jian,
Graphitized carbon is usually prepared by using a graphitization process leading to the formation of graphite structure. Sharp peaks are observed at 2 teta around 26º and 43º, which are assigned to the (002) and (100) diffraction of graphitic carbons. A sharp (002) peak is associated with a high graphitic character compared to a broad diffuse peak seen in amorphous carbon. So, I would say that there is no difference between graphitized and graphitic carbon. Graphene has another structure, therefore it is not related to your material. Judging from the data shown in your XRD pattern, the reviewer comment makes sense. The conditions used to obtain your material were not adequate to obtain a graphite structure since the (002) is not sharp enough to consider it a graphitic carbon. Indeed, the broad diffuse peak is typical of amorphous structures. You may argue that some crystallisation has occurred but yet not enough to say that you managed to produce a graphitized carbon.
Kind regards,
Fernando Costa Oliveira
Lisboa, 29th September 2015
Dear Fernando Costa Oliveira, thank you very much for your answers. Originally, we plan to otain graphene or multi-layer graphene, but from the TEM photo, the thickness seems a little large and multi-layer carbon overlaped, so we choose the term “graphitized carbon", but we don't want to express the meaning of "graphite". Do you think which difinition is suitable to express our case? Our XRD is much like "graphene", right? But the TEM is NOT good. Or we just say that we synthesized a porous carbon?
Thanks
Dear Jian,
The Graphite peaks mainly appears at 26 and 43 and very sharp peaks. In your preapred samples the 002 peak (23.4) is not purely a graphite peak, it may be for amorphous grpahite peak.
Regards,
Anuj Kumar
Dear Jian,
I cannot say its graphene either graphite, because graphene doesn't show any peaks in XRD and graphite has sharp peaks. You may call it "graphene nanoplatelets", which consist of few layers of graphenes in amorphous or crystalline states.
In TEM you would see lattice fringes associated with the distance between the graphene layers in graphite, if the material is indeed graphitized. In diffraction you would also see spots associated with the in-layer carbon-carbon distance of graphene/graphite. If these are not sharp then you probably have something that is close to amorphous carbon.
Hello my Dear Jian
The science of carbon is very abroad and have more than 22 categories. In brief, graphitized carbon is a term assigned to article or artefact made of a sort of coke (that is acceptable to graphitization) bound with coal tar pitch and the green preparations were heated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere at > 2750°C to produce graphitized carbon. On the other hand graphitic carbon means that another type of carbon source rather than coke that can be graphitized by heating as I told you. Regards
Prof.Dr. Mahmoud A. Rabah
CMRDI, Cairo Egypt
In my opinion, the words "graphitized" and "graphitic" are synonyms. You can calculate the degree of graphitization for your graphite-like structure and analyze the Gauss curve of its (002) peak. It is well-known that for 100% graphitized materials (or ideal graphite structure) c is 0.6711-0.6712 nm. For any details, please see Chapter 2. "Carbon (Graphene/Graphite)" in my book "Ultra-High Temperature Materials I" (on my ResearchGate account).
Dear Jian Wang,
Graphitization is the process to produce graphitized carbon. Graphitization is also refer to the extent of degree of graphitization of of carbon materials, either a carbon material possess lower or higher degree of graphfitic structure confirmed by XRD patterns, will termed as the graphitized or graphitic carbon.
Furthermore, the degree of graphitization is also depends on the annealing temperature of carbon.
Fore more detail information, please read...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780815513391/handbook-of-carbon-graphite-diamonds-and-fullerenes
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