Dear Behnaz,

 your question is a bit vague, anyway one of the most used methos is a subcatenous implant in mouse back, but it depends on what you want analyze, what tisuue you are interested to and cell beahviour.

Good luck

Cesare

According to Nature Technology, tissue engineering has significant market potential and financial investment continues apace. A 1997 surveY of the field reported that in that year alone, R&D expenditure directly linked to corporate tissue engineering projects was about $0.5 billion, with a growth rate of about 22% per year. This demonstrates the sustained interest in this area, driven in part by positive results regarding specific products and processes in clinical settings.

Technical advances in the various components of the industry will contribute to market growth. One component is the availability of biomaterials that act as scaffolds for tissue repair and reconstruction, or for the deposition of engineered tissues and cells preceding implantation. An increasing amount of R&D is directed toward addressing the properties of these scaffolds with the goal of creating materials that have the desired functional profiles for various applications.

For example, so-called blended-polymer scaffolds have an extended lifetime in the body that is more suitable for orthopedic applications than non-blended scaffolds. Another study has shown how collagen-based scaffolds, used to grow keratinocytes in artificial skin preparations, can be manipulated by cross-linking collagen with glycosaminoglycan. The result was increased biological stability, which augmented the likelihood that the keratinocytes would "take" and grow out of the scaffold. In yet another application, a sacchitin glycolipid-type membrane prepared from the residue of a fungal fruiting body has been shown to have significant promise in animal models of skin damage as a skin substitute that facilitated wound healing and fibroblast growth. Development of new materials of this type that enable different applications of tissue engineering is likely to be the focus of considerable future research.

For the biological component of tissue engineering, rapid advances are being made in identifying new cell types for use in tissue regeneration. For example, undifferentiated stem cells are attracting intense interest because of their capacity to be transformed into almost any cell type that may be needed, and even fat cells can be directed to produce appropriate tissues: In addition, promising artificial nerve grafts or nerve guidance channels are being developed for nerve regeneration.

In the future, efforts will likely increasingly focus on the development of tissue-engineered products under consensus safety and efficacy standards, including sourcing of cells and tissues, characterization and testing of the materials, quality assurance and control, and preclinical and clinical evaluation. The FDA has already provided some regulatory guidance concerning specific materials, such as certain marketed artificial skin products; in the next few years, these guidelines will likely be increasingly formalized and structured, ensuring that tissue engineering products not only work but are also safe..

The future will also see significant efforts to develop engineered vascular grafts. An approach that will see increasing attention is that of taking a scaffold that is a structurally intact xenogeneic vessel, such as a pig aorta, removing all cells, and re-populating this with human autologous cells. A recent report showed how this could be done in 2–3 weeks, opening up the way for a good alternative to vascular engineering.

The range of human tissue that can be engineered will also increase dramatically in the future, so in addition to the traditional targets, such as skin and liver, other tissues and organs will see their day. A great deal of excitement in clinical circles is that of developing artificial human thyroid tissues which are capable of producing T cells, and this will be a major area for continued R&D.

Finally, stem cells and their manipulation for therapeutic purposes will continue to be a major area of development, because of the pluripotency of these cells. For example, bone marrow stem cells contained in resorbable artificial tubes have been shown to lead to effective healing of non-union defects in rabbit radii, and this opens up significant surgical alternatives to organ and tissue damage.

Can u please specify the the type of tissue engineering u want to work with.

Dear Mamatha M Pillai

I want to work on engineered bone tissue. Also I interested on skin too.