What is the best conditions for formation of oil an gas reservoirs?

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Keith Winfree

Do key word searches for "petroleum systems", "source rock", "hydrocarbon migration", "hydrocarbon reservoir", "hydrocarbon trap and seal". This should give you a good start. Think about oil and gas fields as the end product of system that begins with molecules, creates new molecules and stores them. Follow the molecules.

Jorge Morales Pedraza

The formation of oil and gas reservoirs requires specific geological conditions. According to Energy Education, here are the key factors:

Source Rock: This is the rock that contains the organic matter from which oil and gas form. The organic matter must be deposited in anoxic conditions.

Maturation: Over time, with increased temperature and pressure, the source rock reaches a stage of maturation where oil and gas are generated.

Migration: The generated hydrocarbons must migrate into a porous sediment called reservoir rock. This migration occurs because oil and gas are less dense than water, causing them to rise towards the surface. Migration pathways, a set of well-connected fractures, must exist for this rise.

Reservoir Rock: The reservoir rock is the porous, permeable rock layer holding oil and gas. These rocks need to be both porous and permeable, meaning there are small pockets of space within the rock where oil or gas can settle, and small channels connecting these pockets allow the oil or gas to flow out of it easily when drilled.

Cap Rock: The cap rock seals the top and sides to trap the hydrocarbons in the reservoir, while water often seals the bottom.

Trap Formation: The rock formation must be formed or deformed in such a way as to create a trap for the oil and gas. Anticlines, which form a rough “A” shape, are the most common formation shape for this to occur.

It’s important to note that these processes take millions of years to occur.