The hydroxyl and acetal moieties have high affinity to the CuS surface, which easily sense the existence of glucose. CuS can easily converted into Cu(I) by glucose in electrode. See the attached papers for detail:
Article Enzyme-free sensing of hydrogen peroxide and glucose at a Cu...
The mechanism of modulation of bulk turbidity in the sensor is based on glucose-specific affinity binding of ConA to pendant glucose residues of macroporous hydrogel particles. The affinity-based modulation of the scattering coefficient was significantly enhanced by optimizing particle size, particle size distribution, and ConA concentration. The affinity-based modulation of the scattering coefficient could be significantly enhanced by optimizing particle size, particle size distribution, and ConA concentration. Although a qualitative understanding of observed turbidity based on Mie theory explains the direction of glucose-dependent scattering changes observed, initial attempts to corroborate measured changes with simple models of dispersed homogeneous scattering centers have failed. We therefore conclude that the affinity binding reactions are leading to both changes in the effective size of the scattering centers as well as refractive index changes. In particular, we have noted that the scattering properties of the macroporous hydrogel beads with and without ConA are extremely different and not well accounted for by single-particle scattering theory.