Optogenetics is branch of biotechnology, which is growing and emerging in the treatment of many brain diseases including depression, Parkinson, so what are new innovations related to obesity and diabetes.
Optogenetic control of insulin secretion in intact pancreatic islets with β-cell-specific expression of Channelrhodopsin-2
Article Optogenetic control of insulin secretion in intact pancreati...
http://epigenie.com/optogenetics-and-smartphone-technology-combine-to-provide-personalized-diabetes-treatment/
Optogenetics and Smartphone Technology Combine to Provide Personalized Diabetes Treatment
2017 Engineering synthetic optogenetic networks for biomedical applications
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40484-017-0105-6.pdf
Optogenetics involve the control of cells which express fast light-sensitive ion channels, enzymes, or pigments such as rhodopsins by the use of light itself. This approach also includes the use of precise genetic targeting to incorporate the light-sensitive probes within the cell population of interest.
Recently, various advances have been made in utilizing optogenetics to further study and ameliorate conditions such as obesity and diabetes. This approach may be employed to better understand excessive fat and lipid accumulation in obesity and related metabolic syndromes or by controlling hunger. Optogenetic techniques may also be applied to combat diabetes via the modulation of insulin secretion level both in vitro and in vivo. A study done by Shao et al. in 2017 also showed the innovative usage of smartphones in controlling the optogenetic approach.
Here are links to some helpful articles:
Obesity:
Article Distinct extended amygdala circuits for divergent motivational states
Article Neural melanocortin receptors in obesity and related metabol...
Diabetes:
Article Optogenetic control of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cel...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28446682
Optogenetic regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-09937-0
Article Preclinical models for obesity research
Preclinical models for obesity research
Optogenetic and chemogenetic insights into the food addiction hypothesis
Article Optogenetic and chemogenetic insights into the food addictio...
Prospects for Optogenetic Augmentation of Brain Function
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnsys.2015.00157/full
The development and application of optogenetics.
https://www.omicsonline.org/references/the-development-and-application-of-optogenetics-1069315.html
Optogenetics and Pharmacogenetics: Principles and Applications
http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/early/2017/08/02/ajpregu.00091.2017
Remote and selective spatiotemporal control of the activity of neurons to regulate behavior and physiological functions has been a long-sought goal in system neuroscience. Identification and subsequent bioengineering of light-sensitive ion channels (e.g., channelrhodopsins, halorhodopsin and archaerhodopsins) from the bacteria has made it possible to utilize light to artificially modulate neuronal activity, namely optogenetics. Recent advance in genetics has also allowed development of novel pharmacological tools to selectively and remotely control neuronal activity using engineered G-protein coupled receptors which can be activated by otherwise inert drug-like small molecules such as the Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug (DREADD) - a form of chemogenetics. The cutting-edge optogenetics and pharmacogenetics are powerful tools in neuroscience which allow selective and bidirectional modulation of the activity of defined populations of neurons with unprecedented specificity. These novel toolboxes are enabling significant advances in deciphering how the nervous system works and its influence on various physiological processes in health and disease. Here, we discuss the fundamental elements of optogenetics and chemogenetics approaches and some of the applications that yielded significant advances in various areas of neuroscience and beyond.
Optogenetics is an emerging field that uses light-sensitive proteins to regulate biological activities in the body. The technique has been envisioned as a way to treat a range of diseases, including Parkinson’s and schizophrenia.
Optogenetics to precisely control cells to deliver insulin to diabetic patient. The approach could be used to continuously monitor blood glucose levels in human diabetics and automatically produce necessary insulin, a hormone that converts sugar from food into energy the body can use.
The researchers engineered human cells with a light-sensitive gene that is found in plants and produces insulin on cue when activated by wirelessly powered red LED lights. They inserted those lights and the designer cells onto small, flexible discs that were then grafted onto the backs of person or any place of the body.
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