If the solid waste is biogenic (agricultural and agroindustry waste) the options are numerous. Thermal use of the waste in a low temperature gasifier will give you a product gas (to directly use in a Gas engine) and also high biochar content ashes, to use as a soil improver. My answer is very general, as I may not have understood the question. I would be happy to answer if you explain a bit more what you are looking for.

Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is a comprehensive waste prevention, recycling, composting, and disposal program. An effective ISWM system considers how to prevent, recycle, and manage solid waste in ways that most effectively protect human health and the environment. Cow-dung has been used to produce biogas where as in some developing countries methane is produced from dumping pits and so on

ISWM is a complete system which covers from collection to final disposal but it focuses on segregation of waste at sources together with maximum recovery of resources through promotion of 3R approach to reduce amount of waste at final disposal site.  In underdeveloped countries, biodegradable waste is more problematic in terms of quantity as well as in treatment. So, when handling biodegradable waste, priorities must be given for biological processing such as composting if you want to manage your waste with minimum investment and low operation cost in environmental-friendly manner. If you want to energy as well as want to make commercially viable project, anaerobic digestion (bio-gas) technology is best but you invest more and needs improvement/scaled up on existing technology. From this technology, we can get methane gas (60-65% in bio-gas) as well as quality fertilizers. But, based on people's attitude on waste, existing practices of local authorities to deal with waste, capacity of financial investment on waste treatment etc., forget other waste to energy technology generally practiced in developed countries to deal with municipal waste of developing countries which composed of more than 60% biodegradable fraction with 70 to 80% moisture content. 

ISWM is a comprehensive waste management system that basically combines the waste streams, pre-treatment, treatment and final disposal methods in order to minimise environmental impacts while optimising economic viability and achieving social acceptability. In order to introduce an effective ISWM system the first step is waste characterisation: it not only helps in terms of strategies development but also promotes environmental awareness and explores economic potential. Waste characterisation will help us introduce the most suitable waste collection (bring or kerbside), collection routes, frequencies, etc. As for treatment options we have recycling (Fe and Al cans, glass, paper and larboards, PET bottles, etc), organic wastes recovery: composting (organic fertilizer) and biogasification (CH4), incineration (this is only viable if constant amounts of wastes with high calorific value are secured) and final disposal: sanitary landfill (this could include a landfill gas recovery system if organic wastes are landfilled).

Best

Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) provides a framework for the development of a sustainable MSW service, which can take place with the use of a range of collection, transport and treatment options. It takes an overall approach to creating sustainable systems that are economically affordable, socially acceptable and environmentally effective. An integrated solid waste management system involves the use of a range of different treatment methods, and key to the functioning of such a system is the collection and sorting of the waste. It is important to note that no one single treatment method can manage all the waste materials in an environmentally effective way. Thus all of the available treatment and disposal options must be evaluated equally and the best combination of the available options suited to the particular community chosen. Effective management schemes therefore need to operate in ways which best meet current social, economic, and environmental conditions of the municipality.

Hello Mr. Vinit, You have rightly raised a good point. Yes, Solid Waste Management is quite challenging issue in country like India. I would like to suggest you to refer some of the good cases from Sweden which has gone far beyond "Zero Waste" and they have now started to import waste from nearby cities/ countries. This shows a stringent policy and good use of available Technology can help you be a Leader of a very unorganized/ unnoticed sector (Waste Management).

I myself have written some of the research papers which are now available in public domain through this platform (researchgate.net). These research paper will talk about from a very initial stage to the Final disposal and would suggest you the Best Practices being followed throughout the globe to encash WASTE as resource.

For energy generation (though calorific value of Waste in India are on lower side), the major issue of failure of Waste-to-Energy plants are lack of Waste available as raw feed. India lack collection system not the Technology part for WTE.

For organic waste composting and vermi-composting are most environment friendly and efficient techniques in my view.

In both the developed and developing countries the hard reality is everyone just wants to have their waste disappear.  In developed economies, we write a check.  In developing economies, the waste is just thrown out of sight.  Regardless of whether in a developed or developing economy, this pile of waste is creates at least three disease vectors.  None of which are effectively addressed by composting or anaerobic digestion.  The more significant issue is the organic waste can be converted into a valuable economic resource for any economy.  Attached is a paper that is scheduled for publication in June in the Journal of Sustainable Development titled " Products From Organic Waste Using Managed Ecosystem Fermentation".  The issue is one of creating enough economic incentive for private capital to address the waste.