Gattermann reaction:
Sometimes Sandmeyer synthesis is carried out by a modification known as the Gattermann reaction, in which copper powder and hydrogen halide are used in place of the cuprous halide.
Note that Sandmeyer reaction is the replacement of diazonium salt by Cl, Br and CN.
The Gattermann reaction, is a chemical reaction in which aromatic compounds are formylated by a mixture of hydrogen cyanide and hydrogen chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst such as AlCl₃. It is named for the German chemist Ludwig Gattermann and is similar to the Friedel–Crafts reaction.
Dear Ahakir,
in addition to the useful answer provided by James Joy Polimetla please also have a look at the following useful link in which the mechanism of the Gattermann reaction is outlined in detail:
https://protonstalk.com/haloalkanes-and-haloarenes/gattermann-reaction/
There is also a good Wikipedia entry about this topic available at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattermann_reaction.
I assume that the Gattermann reaction is not very often employed any more because of the high toxicity of the cyanide reagents (HCN, Zn(CN)2).
Good luck with your work!
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