What is the concept of equivalent rectangle??  In EM wave propagation, there are number of models have been proposed in which the equivalent rectangle term is used..  I would like to know how one can convert the rectangle into equivalent rectangle?  For e.g if a road tunnel is having the actual width of 5 mtr and height of 6 mtr, what would be the converted dimension for the equivalent rectangle?

Any suggestion is appreciated. 

Thank you

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