The greater the neutralising value the greater the content of cations and the greater the effect on the pH of acidic soils: note that biochar pH is not a guide to the neutralising value. Then you might consider the content of other elements of importance to plants and plant consumers -- some beneficial and others not
I believe that the ideal values for ash content, volatile matter, and pH of biochar depend on the specific application, but some general guidelines can be followed:
Ash Content:Ideal: Low ash content (ideally below 10%). Effect of High Value: High ash content can reduce the carbon content and introduce unwanted impurities, affecting its performance negatively.
Volatile Matter:Ideal: Low volatile matter content (typically below 20%). Effect of High Value: High volatile matter can lead to emissions and reduce the biochar's carbon content, diminishing its effectiveness.
pH:Ideal: pH should match the needs of the target soil or environment (usually neutral or slightly alkaline for most agricultural uses). Effect of High or Low Value: Extreme pH values can limit biochar's effectiveness, but a specific pH may be required for certain applications. Overall, understanding the requirements of the intended use is crucial, and deviations from these ideal values can impact the biochar's performance in its intended application.