I have gone through the referenced research paper in the project, also the Book Block Chain as given in below is was good , if some one could add some other things missed out in references and below mentioned book

http://w2.blockchain-tec.net/blockchain/blockchain-by-melanie-swan.pdf

http://w2.blockchain-tec.net/blockchain/blockchain-by-melanie-swan.pdf

Dear Waqas Mahmood ,

Chain transactions blocks - built according to certain rules of a chain of transactions generated blocks. For the first time the term appeared as the title of a distributed database implemented in cryptocurrency "Bitcoin". Also widely used as a term  Blockchain.

Transaction unit - a special structure for the transaction group records in Bitcoin system and others like it.

Regards, Shafagat

Thanks for valuable input @Shafagat Mahmudova 

Blockchain technology is a relatively new concept and rapidly growing industry. Similar data structures have existed long before the popular bitcoin cryptocurrency was conceived, however, principal theories of blockchain architectures used today were first outlined and defined in the original bitcoin white paper written and published by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008. As this nascent technology is ripe with ongoing innovations, it is best to keep an open mind and expect new related-technologies to continue to emerge. Below we explore key defintions and concepts to understand of this basic pillars behind this revolutionary technology. Alternatively, visit our blockchain glossary to view more definitions. Users of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) significantly benefit from the efficienies and economics by creating a more robust environment for real-time and secure data sharing. Contrary to common belief, the Bitcoin blockchain is not the only distributed ledger, in fact, many other users of Distributed Ledger Technology use different methodologies to achieve the same consensus (e.g. Ripple, MultiChain, HyperLedger Project). These digitally recorded "blocks" of data is stored in a linear chain. Each block in the chain contains data (e.g. bitcoin transaction), is cryptographically hashed. The blocks of hashed data draw upon the previous-block (which came before it) in the chain, ensuring all data in the overall "blockchain" has not been tampered with and remains unchanged. Although the term ‘blockchain’ is used more frequently than ‘distributed ledger’ in discussions, a blockchain is only one of the many types of data structures that provide secure and valid achievement of distributed consensus. The bitcoin blockchain, which uses ‘Proof-of-Work Mining’, is the most publicly proven method used to achieve distributed consensus. However, other forms of distributed ledger consensus exist such as Ethereum, Ripple, Hyperledger, MultiChain, Eris, and other private enterprise solutions. 

A blockchain is an anonymous online ledger that uses data structure to simplify the way we transact. Blockchain allows users to manipulate the ledger in a secure way without the help of a third party.

A bank's ledger is connected to a centralised network. However, a blockchain is anonymous, protecting the identities of the users. This makes blockchain a more secure way to carry out transactions. The algorithm used in blockchain reduces the dependence on people to verify the transactions. This technology used for recording various transactions has the potential to disrupt the financial system.

lockchain technology is a relatively new concept and rapidly growing industry. As this nascent technology is ripe with ongoing innovations, it is best to keep an open mind and expect new related-technologies to continue to emerge.

Thanks for valuable input @Saeed Al Rashid

Thanks for valuable input Ahmed Al mayahi 

Hello there,

This is a search and found answer, so hope it serves your purpose.

The blockchain is seen as the main technological innovation of Bitcoin, since it stands as proof of all the transactions on the network. A block is the 'current' part of a blockchain which records some or all of the recent transactions, and once completed goes into the blockchain as permanent database. 

For further read am attaching the link, good luck

Regards

http://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp

Thanks for your valuable input @Sundeep

Thanks for your valuable input @Bilal

Hi @Waqas I hope this update to my project on "The bank of the future" could be useful.

There are also banking case studies and investments in blockchain solutions.

https://www.researchgate.net/project/The-bank-of-the-future-the-future-of-banking/update/59fe02b8b53d2f3ade4cff39

Implications of blockchain for research

HOW OPEN SCIENCE COULD BENEFIT FROM BLOCKCHAIN

See the bigger picture of how blockchain is going to help science become more open and help remove the current bottlenecks in the scientific endeavour by increasing the connectivity, accessibility and storage of scholarly objects, such as research papers and databases, through metadata and interplanetary data systems...

https://www.euroscientist.com/podcast-open-science-benefit-blockchain/?utm_source=EuroScientist&utm_campaign=984bb09c4d-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2018_01_10&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_8c57a1a873-984bb09c4d-125973305

Dear @Saeed and @Ahmed are making copy/paste plagiarism!!! Here are their original resource.

@Saeed:

What is "BLOCKCHAIN" Technology ?

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-blockchain-technology-richard-inniss/

@Ahmed:

Don't know what's Blockchain technology? Let us explain

https://www.businesstoday.in/sectors/banks/what-is-blockchain-technology-let-us-explain-bitcoin-banks/story/238438.html

Dear Ljubomir Jacić

Indeed bockchain has many uses cases.

Thanks for your answer.

The Truth About Blockchain

Marco IansitiKarim R. Lakhani

https://hbr.org/2017/01/the-truth-about-blockchain

Conference Paper Understanding Blockchain Opportunities and Challenges

Conference Paper An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensu...

https://bravenewcoin.com/assets/Reference-Papers/A-Gentle-Introduction/A-Gentle-Introduction-To-Blockchain-Technology-WEB.pdf

Real world blockchain use cases by Ahmed Banafa.

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ljubomirjacic/detail/recent-activity/

https://www.linkedin.com/in/ahmedbanafa/?miniProfileUrn=urn%3Ali%3Afs_miniProfile%3AACoAAA6z0j8BupeAY61P60K9LLErJH58Bv9of6A&lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ad_flagship3_profile_view_base_recent_activity_details_all%3Bbgo4WI6hRUWaHer0e%2FiC2g%3D%3D&licu=urn%3Ali%3Acontrol%3Ad_flagship3_profile_view_base_recent_activity_details_all-actor&lici=FeN7Mbrlcf9EeMgobLh5oA%3D%3D

Cryptocurrencies and blockchain

Legal context and implications for financial crime, money laundering and tax evasion

http://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/150761/TAX3%20Study%20on%20cryptocurrencies%20and%20blockchain.pdf

Bank Transfer in UAE using block chain technology

https://www.thenational.ae/business/technology/from-45-days-to-seconds-smart-dubai-ibm-introduce-middle-east-s-first-government-backed-blockchain-platform-1.786087

Excellent Master Degree Thesis "Investigation of blockchain applicability to Internet of Things within supply chains" , the researchers used my study of IoT and Blockchain in their work ...

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1238799/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Interesting take on "IoT security using Blockchain" from Samsung Institute in India...

The two major roadblocks for state of the art Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure like smart buildings, smart cities, etc. are lack of trust between various entities of system and single point of failure which is a vulnerability causing extreme damage to the whole system. This paper proposes a blockchain based IoT security solution where, trust is established through the immutable and decentralized nature of blockchain. The distributed nature of blockchain makes the system more robust and immune to single point of failure. We propose a mechanism to establish continuous security in the system by evaluating legitimate presence of user in valid IoT-Zone continuously without user intervention. Every user interaction in an IoT environment is stored in blockchain as a transaction and series of these transactions represent a user’s IoT-trail. A unique digital crypto-token is required for a user interaction to be legitimate. This token is used as an access control mechanism to prevent any unauthorized access to the system. Tokens are pre-generated using a prediction model based on user’s IoT-trail in the blockchain. By using blockchain as an underlying framework in IoT environment and through the method of continuous security, we made the system more secure, robust and interoperable...

Following...

What to expect from blockchain in 2019

Cryptocurrency, also known as blockchain, is expected to head in new directions next year. Read some predictions from insider experts...

This article brings many blockchain resources!

https://www.techrepublic.com/article/what-to-expect-from-blockchain-in-2019/?ftag=TRE684d531&bhid=26515897512689358169344413145444

Given the accountability, security, transparency, and immutable nature of Blockchain, it can have a significant impact in the field of Intellectual property. However, since Blockchain is still in the stage of its technological development, we could potentially see many more evolved applications of Blockchain for intellectual property, in the near future...

https://www.automation.com/en-US/Articles/January-2021/The-Future-of-Blockchain-in-Intellectual-Property

Thanks for your kind comments

Great discussion

Thanks for answer @Salman Sarwat

A blockchain is just a cryptographically-linked list. The linking is done cryptographically, so if someone adds an entry to the list, he will specify the hash of the previous block that he is attaching his block on top. This way no one can move his block elsewhere.

Worth noting that a cryptocurrency is not limited to use blockchains. There are ones that do not use it.

Thanks for your valuable input @M.Rajululkahf

Since you asked. Prof Nir Kshetri is writing an inteoductory text on blockchain simplified and its use-cases in industry and society.

@Ravi S.Sharma can you provide references to Prof Nor Kshetri work.