Logistics service providers do not always have the right resources that would enable them to carry out all the services offered. This resource scarcity is particularly conspicuous in the case of means of transport, but also, increasingly, warehouses or reloading facilities.
If I recall correctly, GLS and DB Schenker launch partnership for parcel delivery in 2016. Have a look at C.M. Wallenburg's work. He has published several articles that could be helpful here.
In Germany, in the LTL road transport sector, freight forwarding companies have formed joint transport networks (inclusing jointly operated hubs) with a high connectivity. Some of these networks are designed as "open networks" in a way that the participating parties are not obliged to use the joint network for all shipments they acquire from the shippers. This means that a freight forwarding company can choose for each LTL shipment between the use of the joint transport network and the organisation of the transport for the specific shipment using its own resources. This results in coopetition: Competitors in the market use jointly established transport networks for a major part of their shipments.
@Tilman Platz, it is very interesting. Thank you very much for your insightful answer.
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