Luminescence is of many types like Photoluminescence, Electroluminescence, Triboluminescence, Cathodoluminescence, Bioluminescence, Chemiluminescence etc. Fluorescence, Phosphorescence are different types of Photoluminescence where light emission is from an excited state that is reached by photoexcitation. Fluorescence being a singlet-singlet transition.
If the molecules getting excited state energy only by light absorption and emitted the light to get the ground state is called as fluorescence. With the time range of 10-9 to 10-7.
Florescence and phosphorescence are the sub-class of photo-luminescence. See this Jablonski energy diagram in attachments.
At the same time the excited energy can be get by many other ways like electrical, thermal, mechanical force and emitted the light to the ground state is called luminescence. Based on excited energy gaining method it called as electroluminescence, thermoluminescence and mechanoluminescence.
Both Ravi kishore and Selvaraj explained Fluorescence and different luminescence.
First of all Luminescence is the property of any substance to emit light while fluorescence is a mechanism by which light is emitted. Other examples are Phosphorescence, ChemiLuminescence a good book on photo-chemistry will elaborate much on this.
Any molecule or material which emits light is said to be luminescent. Light emission occurs due to the formation of an excited state and the excited state can be formed by different mechanisms. The name of the type of luminescence originates from the manner in which the excited state is reached i.e., depending on how the excited state is reached the type of luminescence is given a name.
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