Dear Respectful Researchers,
With 5G still under going (well and fast), 6G falls into the radars of quite a bunch of pioneers in the telecommunications and related areas. To be honest, It may be not too early to "worry about" it, since around every 10 years there comes a newer generation of wireless communication.
From the frequency domain, 5G wireless system designs are already moving to millimeter wave (mmWave) bands as high as 100 GHz. Will Terahertz (>300 GHz) be the next domain 6G will conquer in terms of the spectrum. However, what type of challenges would be using THz for mobile communications ? Since THz are more close to behave as "optical" than mmWave, how fast/soon could we expect it to be used for real-life communication, based on the R&D progress of current state-of-the-art designs ?
Moreover, what else significant technological evolutions or revolutions do we expect/predict to deeply impact the future 6G and form it ? AI, LiFi, Quantum Computing, etc. And, what kinda of fancy applications scenarios could you think of/expect/predict ? (E.g. holographic gaming, super deep immersive video, etc. )
Dear researchers, thanks for your discussion and inputs.
1) continue with the left overs of 5G (Massive MIMO, mmWave, Terahertz, D2D, UAVs, NOMA, ...etc )
2) Adding Artificial Intelligence, specifically Machine Learning to the Loop
How about market impact of 5G ? Shall it redirect 6G ? an example about that is when 3G encountered some delay in deployment due to the unexpected success of 2G.
However, renewable life is expected to take place in almost all arena of research, 6G development will be affected upon basing on renewable life requirements.
Dear Yiming,
The issue which you raised is interesting and concerns the exploration of the wireless communication road map. For the theoretical point of view you can study every alternative way for wireless communication. I agree with you that working at higher frequencies will increase further the bit rate achieved. This is straight forward from the Shanon channel capacity limit. Th bit rate is proportional to the bandwidth. This concept is always revisited and exploited to increase the capabilities of the wireless communication systems.
One comment which may be required at this time. It is so, in addition to the theory you must be able to realize this theory in the reality. So, the application of any theory depends on the presence of its enablers and realizers. The enablers of the communication systems are electronic devices. So, electronics and communications are mutually drivers of each others. The rf bands, the microwave bands, the optical bands are utilized as there are suitable electronic devices for them. May be the nano electronics will be the enablers of the mm waves and infrared bands.
Best wishes
Apply machine learning algorithms. The energy efficiency and energy harvesting would be always demanding.
There is always a lot of hype for various of the proposed technology enablers in each generation of wireless communications. Many of the concepts proposed for 5G are/will not (eventually be) included in the 3GPP standardization effort. I would assume that among others full network intelligence (including integration of satellite networks), reconfigurability and virtualization services will not appear in the extend it is anticipated in the final commercial deployments of 5G networks. Hence, a big portion of such research proposals will fit in 6G and the respective standardization activity. Though to be honest I feel kind of awkward talking about 6G when there is still some years to go to see full commercial roll outs of 5G (and while 3GPP standardization is still ongoing) :-)
In fact, the evolution of 6G networks, would revolutionized the world with new emerging advancement in Sciences such as Artificial Intelligence, Space
and applications and subsequently improve efficient information dissemination in vehicles, air and sea transportation.
You may be interested in this article of IEEE ComSoc:
https://www.comsoc.org/publications/ctn/what-will-6g-be?fbclid=IwAR23F8iiflbqxCNrZB0I22gmWYq5GLaMdFbI41p6mUvyR4FPE4XshP_OBS0
1) continue with the left overs of 5G (Massive MIMO, mmWave, Terahertz, D2D, UAVs, NOMA, ...etc )
2) Adding Artificial Intelligence, specifically Machine Learning to the Loop
Dear,
It is not early to start a roadmap for researches at all levels.
Demands predictions for the next years will open the 6G windows.
What are future communication needs for individuals, organizations and governments ?
The tools that satisfy these demands will simply answer your question.
Regards
Dear All,
Until today, I am both excited and humble to receive so many excellent responses. I really appreciate your valuable and insightful inputs into this question, which you know, will certainly impact our technological future and civilization.
Thanks again !
I believe 6G will cater for limitation of 5G, maybe it data transmission speed working toward Nano operation scale.
Dear Researchers, thanks a lot for your very valuable inputs here. Since you guys can see that fold-up phone has a successful debut recently, so my question is: do you believe fold-up phone will become the dominating form of 5/6G smartphone ? And please leave your vote here: A. Yes. B. No. C. Not sure.
you can have a look at our article where we have speculated about 6G:
Preprint A Speculative Study on 6G
check the website https://www.academia.edu/38560938/6g features of 6G. - 1. 6G will be better than 5G in all performance related aspects. 2. The peak data rates proposed for 5G is 20 Gb/s and the peak wireless data rates of 6G will be around 100 Gb/s. In fact, for 6G data rate will not be the main attraction. Rather, overall quality of performances would matter. 3. The 5G latency of 1 ms would be further reduced to µs order. 4. Device densities and IoT connectivity will be much denser than the 5G. The real digital ecosystem would be realized in 6G. 5. Energy efficiency will be certainly better than the 5G. 6. Spectral efficiency will be better than that of 5G. 7. More artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning applications will be found in 6G. In fact, mobile handsets would not be used just for communication; rather they would become personal digital assistants of individuals. 8. 6G will be a hybrid ubiquitous network which would incorporate all advances contemporary technologies in its ambit. In 6G, optical networking would play bigger roles than any previous generations. 9. Security is expected to be much better in 6G when compared with 5G. Quantum communication and cryptography are expected to be deployed in 6G. 10. More complex device to device communications are expected in 6G. 6G would be a very complex hybrid system where optical and wireless communications will have equally important roles. 6G would incorporate all the advanced ideas and techniques of the contemporary technologies. Currently, the following communication technologies are better than the proposed 5G specifications. 1. PONs provide higher data rates, lower latency and better reliability 2. Even terabit PONs are available which can carry gigantic amounts of data 3. Terabit Ethernet will be available shortly. 400 Gb/s Ethernet is already available. 4. High throughput satellites (HTSs) are capable of dealing with high data rates. For high data rate communication over the oceans, deserts and unconnected territories it is essential. 5. LiFi communication in the access area can provide data rates of 100 Gb/s and beyond.
[R1] F. Tariq, M. R. A. Khandaker, K.-K. Wong, M. Imran, M. Bennis, and M. rouane Debbah, “A speculative study on 6G,” IEEE Commun. Magazine, June 2019 (submitted). Available: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.06700.pdf.
Overall, we foresee that AI will penetrate all levels and be the signature for 6G for smarter and more powerful networks. Collective AI, cell-free networking, radar-assisted radios, some form of intelligent structures, VLC/Li-Fi, and wireless power transfer and energy harvesting will likely be parts of 6G, while OAM and quantum communications may appear in 6G if sufficient advances are made.
In terms of the requirements in 6G, the consensus seems to be that the data rate will race to 1Tbps to enable autonomous management of various activities in the future smart city. For individual users, data rate is expected to increase from 1Gbps in 5G to at least 10Gbps per user, and up to 100Gbps in some use cases, in the emerging 6G systems. 6G is also expected to integrate with satellites for providing global mobile coverage. Volume spectral efficiency (in bps/Hz/m^3), as opposed to the often used area spectral efficiency (bps/Hz/m^2), will be more suitable in 6G to properly measure the system capacity in a three dimensional operating space. Ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), one key feature in 5G NR, will again be a key driver in 6G pushing the limit further to require latency of less than 1ms. Energy efficiency will be extremely important to prolong the battery life of UEs. The KPIs for 6G in comparison with 5G are shown in Table I in [R1].
You can literally read abit about 6G technology here
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V4/i9/IRJET-V4I9196.pdf
Preprint A Speculative Study on 6G
https://cmte.ieee.org/futuredirections/2018/01/25/lets-start-talking-about-6g/
https://www.zdnet.com/article/do-we-need-6g-wireless-already-5g-engineers-debate/
https://www.networkworld.com/article/3305359/6g-will-achieve-terabits-per-second-speeds.html
https://www.networkworld.com/article/3285112/get-ready-for-upcoming-6g-wireless-too.html
It is truly both a pleasure and obligation to humbly announce this research paper, "Enabling Multi-Functional 5G and Beyond User Equipment: A Survey and Tutorial", which has been published by IEEE Access Journal in 2019, with early-access view, downloading and citing now:
Open Access PDF viewing : https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8805324
Open Access with Abstract:Article Enabling Multi-Functional 5G and Beyond User Equipment: A Su...
I hope this can answer some of the questions people have proposed concerning the 5G, 6G.
keywords
5G , 6G, user equipment , millimeter wave (mmWave) , terahertz (THz), beamforming , massive MIMO (MaMi) , beam management , distributed phased arrays MIMO (DPA-MIMO) , carrier aggregation (CA) , licensed-assisted access (LAA) , machine learning , deep learning.
When I look up into the deep sky in a very quiet, peaceful starry night, I am always deeply awed and motivated by the amazing universe in which our human beings civilizations and technologies are fabulously blessed, nurtured and formed by many random realizations since the Big Bang, then could we even luckily have the opportunities to look into and unveil the 5G/6G myths, and/or become part of the historical greatness.
So, this paper may enclose my best wishes and kindest expectation to the humanity, human species and its civilization.
Wonderful discussions,
How about the growing presence of the medical arena in 5G and beyond ? e.g. body area networks, wearable communications .....etc !!!
Dear Researchers, NOW, WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT BEYOND 5G, OR 6G !
Please check this short video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MyPE6xrs14w
Please feel free to share and comment, thanks a lot.
Research is underway for 6G well beyond 5G, despite the claim of some researchers that even 5G full deployment is still in its infancy. There is a growing list of academic institutions (most notably in mid-western USA) and research labs (mainly in San Francisco Bay) working on this area..
Rather than defining 6G or any future network generation by the increased service requirements or what band of frequency is used, I would suggest looking at the spectrum of applications relevant to the era. For instance, our recent desire for increased connectivity and reliability to enable machine type communications. How will this change in the future, what are the trends? In my humble opinion, applications such as virtual\augment reality and gaming could motivate cloud\edge\fog computing and become an integral part of future technologies. Therefore, they will consequently be incorporated into the communication systems and their standards.
For me, there is nothing bad talking about 6G. The more we talk about it, the more we conceptualize it in our minds. The truth still remains that we don't have to wait until time catches up with us. Whether we will be utilizing the millimetre wave spectrum which I doubt because 5G will be dwelling on that or the Terahertz frequency band is not an issue. I think midway to the rolling out of 5G network, the challenges that will prompt 6G will be conspicuous/obvious and that will guide our approach to 6G. Lastly, for me, I see 6G getting read of all physical Mast/BTS/MSC and replacing it with Human BTS/MSC which will be more mobile and intelligent (Will explain in my later post) hence this will solve the problem of total network coverage and QoS.
I think it will gradually be increasing data dissipation power up to an amazing level : https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/what-is-6g/
6 G must meet and exceed many demands, including the provision of high-energy efficiency, most notably from the point of view of the widespread use of Internet-of - Things (IoTs) and multi-minute sensor ecosystems. In addition, the expansion of smartphone battery-recharge capacity must be addressed; According to the notion that their capacity and ability to handle sophisticated multimedia signal processing leaps in quantity as their power consumption rises.
6G will be Human-Centric !! and Environment-Centric! The use of satellite connections
Several Gbps throughput per user.
Massive connectivity (>10 million devices/sq.km)
Guaranteed ultra-low latency (below ~0.1 ms)
massive coverage (including upto 10 km in the sky, 200 nautical miles into the ocean)
RF, mmWave, THz, VLC will likely coexist.
Novel RAN’s such as aerial RAN’s are required. AI will play a part almost all aspects of future wireless systems.
@Mohammed Usman , how about Intelligent Reflective Surfaces, and metasurfaces
@ Yasser Jaamour , Of course and many more novel techniques will play a role in satisfying the requirements of next generation wireless systems
6G will include spectrum sharing, digital replica. It wil expected that it l reduce latency and extremely low-delay jitter
How about vulnerability?
Even our heart beats shall be vulnerable, thanks to body area networks and body implantable chips technologies (just one example).
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