So during reading comprehension test i would observe ( i did it once and able to identify learning problem in a child long ago ) the following
1.His level of language usage (can he read at least a syllable or word?)
2. Is he able to follow my instruction to read the passage that i told him to read aloud?
In the case i observed that the boy (8 years old) reading from the beginning of the lesson from which i chose a paragraph.
3. Nature of the reading comprehension test given (is it a new item that the testee is unfamilar with ?
In the case i observed, the child read it out aloud since he listened to the lesson recited by the teacher many times in the class verbally.
So i just stopped the child in the middle of the passage he was reading aloud and asked him to name the random word i chose from the same passage. He was not able to read it. After encouraging him, i asked him again to say another word in the same lesson. But he was not.
4. Comprehension test suitable to child's interest (like stories) would benefit the test i believe.
Tentatively, I suspect that we are probing here for certain comprehension skills and strategies such as the capacity to scan, skim through, and make the right inferences as well as the capacity to show understanding of the reading material by paraphrasing it, answering comprehension questions, or eliciting comprehension through semantic operations such as synonyms, antonyms, and polysemes. But certainly there is more to it than this.