Building Information Modeling (BIM) attract the attention of many researchers in construction industry, especially in waste management due to the serious impacts of these waste on the environment. Many researches have been done to integarate BIM with the different stages of the project. So it's important to identify the steps that can be followed from design to construction to integrate this technology.
The first step in integarating BIM from design to construction stage is to use one of the software such as Revit, Teklastructures, digital plan and many others for 3 Dimensional representation of the project, these software can be integrated with other software for example can be integrated with robot structural analysis for design and analysis of the structure, with Primavera for scheduling, with Navisworks for construction simulation and clash detection before starting the construction process. this will help visualizing the project for the stakeholders, engineers and project managers and prevent any change orders during the construction phase. Also, clash detection prevent any sudden technical problems during construction which reduce construction waste to great extent.
Yes, clash detection is important not only for the construction phase, but also during design. However, model coordination goes beyond clash detection, and interoperability issues must be addressed from the start, through continuous testing. Test for correct quantity takeoff data generation throughout the process.
We are initiating tests with the use of information classification systems, e.g. Uniclass 2015 and our own National Standard (similar to OmniClass). Uniclass seems better for the task, but, unfortunately, it is not our county's chosen standard.
The brief should state what elements and functions are required for a given construction project. It can also state quality standards for materials and components, based on circular economy principles (cradle to cradle). At such early stage high level elements and functions (substructure, superstructure, envelope, internal construction, electrical, hydraulics, etc.), even not having 3D representations would be classified using the EF - Elements and Functions table.
Further down the design path, identifiable elements and systems, that are part of the original main elements and functions, in 3D representations would use table Ss - Systems.
In a more detailed design, towards construction, Ss elements would be broken down into work results, using the Pr - Products, Ac - Activity and TE - Tools and Equipment tables, possibly extending the efficient use of resources to a circular economy approach. Or, alternatively, as is the case in our country, by use of an integrated costing system, that breaks down work results into products, materials, services, and equipment and tool usage. Reduction of waste (during construction, operation and future decommission) can be related to the choice of the process, products and materials. We are to begin testing such approach for efficient use of resources, i.e. lower costs of construction and operation.
So, costing system codes for a given work result can be related to systems (Ss table), these to elements and functions (EF table) and these to the project brief. This as a form of internal (and external) auditing of the use of resources, before and during construction.
Furthermore, work results can be mapped into scheduling software (e.g. Primavera) and 4D BIM software, for management of resources (worksite including inventory, acquisition, workers, equipment use, etc.) to reduce clashes at the worksite for the sake of efficiency.
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