There are different sources and ways hrough which pollutants enter the environment. For example, leaching from soils or rocks, from atmosphere with rainfall runoff, from wastewater, wastes after different productions, etc.
Many sources of water pollution, and many ways of affecting polluted water on the environment, it is a broad topic, but can be shortened the reason for this is the lack of awareness and environmental culture owned by humans.
Water pollution can have disastrous consequences for human life. This is especially true for those living in disadvantaged and undeveloped environments, where the struggle to access clean, healthy water is a daily ordeal. There are a number of methods of disinfecting water so that it is drinkable, including a whole host of chemical-based disinfection techniques. While these can yield positive results, it’s only half the battle.
Water pollution is a major global problem which requires ongoing evaluation and revision of water resource policy at all levels (international down to individual aquifers and wells). It has been suggested that water pollution is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases.Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.Water pollution affects the entire biosphere – plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and population, but also to the natural biological communities.
The specific contaminants leading to pollution in water include a wide spectrum of chemicals, pathogens, and physical changes such as elevated temperature and discoloration. While many of the chemicals and substances that are regulated may be naturally occurring (calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, etc.) the concentration is often the key in determining what is a natural component of water and what is a contaminant. High concentrations of naturally occurring substances can have negative impacts on aquatic flora and fauna.
Oxygen-depleting substances may be natural materials such as plant matter (e.g. leaves and grass) as well as man-made chemicals. Other natural and anthropogenic substances may cause turbidity (cloudiness) which blocks light and disrupts plant growth, and clogs the gills of some fish species.
Many of the chemical substances are toxic. Pathogens can produce waterborne diseases in either human or animal hosts. Alteration of water's physical chemistry includes acidity (change in pH), electrical conductivity, temperature, and eutrophication. Eutrophication is an increase in the concentration of chemical nutrients in an ecosystem to an extent that increases the primary productivity of the ecosystem. Depending on the degree of eutrophication, subsequent negative environmental effects such as anoxia (oxygen depletion) and severe reductions in water quality may occur, affecting fish and other animal populations. China's extraordinary economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization, coupled with inadequate investment in basic water supply and treatment infrastructure, has resulted in widespread water pollution
Nitrogen oxides and Sulfur dioxides from fossil fuel burning make their way to the atmosphere where they combine with oxygen to form nitric acids and sulfuric acids. These acids are dissolved in evaporated water from the land surface which results in acid rain formation. When the rain falls it distribute the pollutants into the soil, plants and also pose health risk to human beings.