In Egypt, we face many problems in the component of the imported feed animal such as (yellow corn and soybean). Which its prices currently increased because of the shortcoming in the supply side.

It well articulated at: https://www.ju.edu.et/sites/default/files/Covid19%20impact%20on%20Eth%20Agri%20and%20mitigation%2023.04.20_final.pdf.

http://www.fao.org/family-farming/detail/en/c/1268820/ - Naturally it is a great risk on Agro industries including FSS . Price we have observed in India for Food & vegetables is increasing upto sky is the limit .

In the below preprint we addressed some effects of COVID-19 on Indian agriculture

Preprint Pandemic led food price anomalies and supply chain disruptio...

In my country scenario (NEPAL) due to COVID-19 crisis there is a huge loss of job sector so due to this people were forced to go in agriculture sector so this time agricultural production in my country is increased but supply chain is disturbed as people don't have much money to buy there basic daily needs.

In my country INDIA, here government help people as much they done, many people's are effected by COVID-19, especially in agriculture field, more needed on vegetables and some other food material, in some way I really thank for few point because it's a eye opener for more home organic vegetables cultivation, yes the number of people's are increased in this lockdown inculding children's, I teach my kid and done demo of chilly and tomato in pot cultivation

Productions and supply both are extremely hampered due to the communication's barrier.

Abdelrahman Ali The COVID had impacted almost all the country and all the sectors, as a result, the GDP of the countries tipping lowest ever, The agriculture is not the exception, Under Such condition, Indian agriculture achieves a considerable growth rate. However, the supply chain is badly affected due to lockdown and less workforce in the supply chain consequently the cost of the product reaches his highest level hence consumer is paid the price.

In Nigeria, the challenges are multi-variate as most things including machines and some raw materials for local production of agriculturalg produce are imported. These not only reduce production capacity but increased prices of finished goods and raw materials.

In India, during starting period of lockdown the price of vegetables and agriculture products went quite high and supply chain from farmer land to consumer (specially in metro cities) also effected. But Indian government control all this problems very smartly. Indian government also help to Maldives, Shri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar and others. The policies and response of Indian government is attached below as a link.

https://www.mssrf.org/content/covid%C2%AD-19-pandemic-and-indian-agriculture-note

Thanks and Regards

Vidit Pandey

The dual impact of the pandemic and climate change in Nigeria resulted in a shortage of animal feed and a considerable rise in the price of animal produce . Farm workers were given palliatives in the form of seeds , fertilizers and cash loans.

Dear Mr. Ali!

You pointed to a topic of great importance. One can already see the negative impact of COVD-19 on food supply chains in Europe and in Finland especially. Stll there are some positive effects as:

1) Ludovica Principato et al. (2020). Caring more about food: The unexpected positive effect of the Covid-19 lockdown on household food management and waste Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 24 September 2020, In Press, Corrected Proof, © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. Available at:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0038012120307904

2) Jussi Heikkilä (2020). The Covid-19 pandemic is accelerating changes in companies’ supply chains, which vary between businesses, products, and fields. News, Tampere University of Applied Sciences & Tampere University 8 May 2020, Citation: ".. a new type of regional development as a solution to reduce the risks involved in globally decentralised value chains. This can mean the formation of continent-specific or even country-specific production chains, which would ensure that border closures do not jeopardise production. However, the researchers found it possible that production might transfer back to low-cost countries when things get back to normal. " Available at:

https://www.tuni.fi/en/news/covid-19-pandemic-changes-production-and-supply-chains

In my view in the long run self -sufficiency and circular economic approach to food production will yield high benefit. The negative impacts will come in waves that would fade away in the long run. The government in Finland is completely occupied with weekly restrictions - the food sector has not received that much attention so far. It can be seen that local food supply chains operate well, as freight transport channels in Scandinavia remained outside restrictions Yours sincerely, Bulcsu Szekely

In Bolivia, it has been two months of low connectivity and reduced transport of products between producers and consumers. subsequently markets have remained open and the supply chain has returned to "normal" levels very quickly. Additionally, delivery systems have been intensified.

We've almost overcome the obstacles in Bangladesh, have won the game, nearly to touching to the normalcy in respect of agriculture food supply. We have a handsome infection rate but fatality is very less and it is reducing significantly thereby developing people's courage to work freely particularly among the farmers. Moreover, Govt, NGOs, and most of the private sectors have promptly and effectively supported agriculture very well. On top of everything, our enthusiastic farmers of the grassroots level deserve the principal credit!

I realized that during lockdown consumer and farmer's face number of problems due to lack of management and communication barrier. So necessary good price increased and agricultural products price decline Because government doesn't established warehouse that means farmers not store our products.

Increasing unemployment

Lack buying value

Increaing prices of foods

Colapsing private sector

Decreasing export & import

https://www.wocat.net/documents/1042/Impact_of_Covid_in_Bangladesh.pdf

Article COVID-19 and Bangladesh: A Review of Food Security Status an...

Dear, Abdelrahman Ali

In Ecuador there have been no major problems in agricultural production in this health crisis. The effects are focused on the food distribution chains. This phenomenon is most visible in the supply of food to the most densely populated cities, such as the capital. That is my opinion.

Cordially

The effect of the pandemic has made the clearing of agricultural land incited by the central government

Now India has no negative impacts on Food or Agriculture sector. We were overcame the negative things on Food Sector which is need for our daily life. But Restaurant, hotels are very effected on COVID19.

The effect on covid-19 is very much affected in all sector in india or world.due to pandemic cause great loss to human lifes like death,financial crisis,unemployment etc In agriculture sector there is a pipular article which shows covid implication in eastern region link below.

https://foodandscientificreports.com/archive/2020/5.html

To some extent, it has affected the price of agricultural products

Although the 2017 blockade and the current COVID-19 situation have very different contexts, it seems that the policies and strategies adopted by Qatar in response to the 2017 rift prepared the country particularly well for the COVID-19 outbreak. Following the blockade, the Qatari government has taken numerous actions to counteract the blockade effects on food security: diversifying its global supply chains, improving its ports and rail infrastructures as well as increasing the local production. Further, in the past, such as during the 2007–2008 food crisis, based on its robust fiscal position resulting in high buying power, Qatar, like the other GCC countries, has been less vulnerable to price risk than other food importers and able to bridge the shortfall in domestic production.

For more details: Ben Hassen, T., H. El Bilali, and and M. S. Allahyari (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on food behavior and consumption in Qatar. Sustainability, 12, 6973. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176973

Since an outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) that began in Wuhan, Tiongkok has spread rapidly in multiple countries . The diseased later has been named as COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO), which made several countries undertaking the regulation included Indonesia. Indonesia government imposed the regulation Permendag/10/2020 to anticipate the COVID-19, the Indonesian government has undertaking strict quarantine measures on the import of live animal species and imported by-product originating from Tiongkok or transiting into Indonesian territory . Thus, regulation causes reducing supply of raw material for animal e.g. maize, fish meal, and soya bean meal.

Later, the industrial of feed mill, institution, academic, researcher, and farmers in Indonesia took an alternative to help maintenance this condition by using local material potential in area scopes.

Hygiene has increased in the packaging and supply of agricultural products

The SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic has had many negative effects on the agricultural sector and the food supply chain. These negative effects of a pandemic include, but are not limited to:

- Initially an increase and then a decrease in the consumption of certain assortments of agricultural produce and food products.

- Periodic break in the supply chains of farmers with certain raw materials necessary for running a farm.

- Periodic slowdowns and disruption of food distribution chains for stores and shopping centers. - Increase in production costs in enterprises in the agri-processing and food-producing sectors.

- Increase in the production costs of agricultural produce and agri-food processing due to additional expenditure on the creation of anti-pandemic safety systems and instruments.

- Liquidation of mink farms with detected new mutated variants of the Coronavirus, etc.

Therefore, as part of anti-crisis, interventionist programs, the so-called The "Industry Shield", which is an important element of the support policy for enterprises, including agri-food sector entities, farms, production companies, etc., several support instruments were offered, ie state aid. The aforementioned state aid is implemented as part of an active social and economic policy. The public aid funds come from small reserves of the state budget and, to a much greater extent, from the issue of treasury securities, including short-term treasury bills and, above all, long-term, long-term treasury bonds. Since the scale of the issue of these treasury bonds is so large that both domestic and foreign investors are unable to purchase these financial instruments at the proposed low interest rate, a significant part of these new Treasury bond issues are purchased directly by the national central bank. In this way, new financial resources introduced into the economy are allocated to support, first of all, commercially operating business entities operating in various industries and sectors of the economy, including farms and enterprises in the agri-food sector. The basic, strategic goal of the aforementioned support for economic entities from the state's public finance system is to maintain the continuity of business operations of these entities, counteract the mass layoffs of employees in companies and slowdown, and reduce the scale of unemployment growth. In addition, in the context of maintaining business continuity of companies and maintaining the continuity of logistics chains of supply and distribution, financial support has also been provided to transport companies. In addition, when lockdowns were introduced on many economic entities representing various mainly service industries and sectors, farms and production enterprises, including primarily agri-food enterprises, were excluded from these lockdowns. In addition, even during the so-called the full lockdown of almost the entire economy, grocery stores operating traditionally, stationary as separate entities, as well as grocery stores and grocery and industrial stores operating within the network were excluded from this lockdown. In addition, stores operating stationary in shopping malls could also be excluded from the lockdowns mentioned above. Additionally, during the aforementioned lockdowns, restaurants, cafes, bars, hotels, etc., which are important recipients of agri-food products and agricultural produce, could not fully function in traditional, stationary operation. During the lockdowns, restaurants, cafes, bars and hotels can operate outside shopping malls and only in a remote formula, i.e. they can serve specific meals and food to take away and order remotely via the Internet. However, it is not possible to serve customers in a fully traditional, stationary formula. As a result, the demand for agricultural produce, including vegetables and fruit, has decreased significantly. Thus, the turnover, sales and revenues from sales of farms that sold their products to shopping centers, logistic centers or directly to restaurants, bars, hotels, etc., decreased. On the other hand, there is a growing interest of customers in a healthy lifestyle, including healthy eating. In connection with the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) coronavirus pandemic, people pay more and more attention to the quality of food products in order to strengthen the general immunity of the body. As a result, the demand for agricultural products and agricultural produce from sustainable organic farming is growing. Organic crops are sold by farmers either to organic food stores or in local markets in stationary locations with specific direct sales markets created for this purpose without intermediaries. As part of the so-called The Anti-Crisis Shield and the Industry Shield, i.e. interventionist financial assistance from the state finance system, are offered to agri-food companies and farms with wage subsidies, refinancing part of fixed costs, reliefs or temporary suspension of contributions to the social security system, non-returnable subsidies and loans granted on preferential terms.

Best regards,

Dariusz Prokopowicz

The degree of exposure to supply risks varies considerably between Maghreb countries. On the supply, Algeria and Tunisia seem exposed to low risk, according to a rcent study, with minimal exposure to risk linked to the consumption of intermediate inputs and fixed capital and to the weakness of agricultural exports. On the demand side, Algeria faces a high degree of exposure to demand risk due to the relatively high share of food expenditure and a relatively higher dependence on food imports

Vaccines are currently the only way to limit the infection. But there are too many negative opinions against vaccines. Even people without primary education express opinions (negative), people who do not understand anything but are "against" and write "competently" on social networks. False "facts" are written. Fake news is the main reason why society has not yet dealt with the epidemic. This prevents all of humanity from solving this serious problem.

Please check our slide prooving the existance of common "Zero source" of the current COVID-19 pandemic. The rest works concerning the issue can be found in my profile.

Poster Evidence from Astrobiology for COVID-19 cosmic origin

The economic restrictions in Ethiopia, due to COVID-19 caused the lack of currency for importation of veterinary drug and equipment and other agricultural products by supplying government or other concerned body, which resulted to the rises of Veterinary drug costs by 200% than the previous cost ,so poor rural farmers unable to buy this much variations. Again, the economic shift from COVID-19,created the survival game on experts in developing countries, so they are suceptible to corruptions and lacked on accountability.