weather forecasting, the prediction of the weather through application of the principles of physics, supplemented by a variety of statistical and empirical techniques. In addition to predictions of atmospheric phenomena themselves, weather forecasting includes predictions of changes on Earth’s surface caused by atmospheric conditions—e.g., snow and ice cover, storm tides, and floods. Measurements and ideas as the basis for weather prediction weather conditions
source: Weather forecasting | Methods, Importance, & History | Britannica