Experienced researchers identify research gaps by conducting comprehensive literature reviews, analyzing trends, contradictions, and underexplored areas in existing studies. They also examine recent publications, systematic reviews, and conference proceedings to pinpoint unanswered questions or emerging issues that require further investigation.

In my experience, the most effective and professional way to identify a research gap is by combining systematic literature reviews with critical analysis and real-world engagement. I start by thoroughly reviewing academic databases to understand what has already been studied and to spot patterns or areas that seem underexplored. I pay close attention to the limitations and "future research" sections of published articles, as they often point to unanswered questions. I also use thematic mapping to organize studies by topic, method, or population, which helps me see what intersections might be missing. Tools like Connected Papers have been useful for visualizing relationships between studies and spotting overlooked areas. Additionally, I look at policy reports and practice-based literature to identify issues not yet addressed in academia, and I engage with professionals and scholars at conferences or workshops to better understand gaps between research and practice. This approach helps me ensure that the research gap I pursue is both meaningful and relevant.

In short, if what you are investigating or part thereof is not anywhere in investigations already done, and as per literature reviewed on current area, then it is a gap in research and attracts further exploration.

Research gaps can be mysterious for beginning researchers. I suggest everyone start out by creating notes--such as a matrix in a frame form--paying particular attention to the theory/conceptual framework, the methodology/methods, sample size/sampling strategy/population, measurements/instruments, analysis methods, and results/findings. The gap can be one or a combination of all (e.g., different findings, factors not considered, using a different theoretical framework, different instruments, a particular sample/population not considered, etc.). A matrix assists in comparing/contrasting. Always start with comparisons. Also, look for absences.