Lignin being the most abundant aromatic polymer in nature and difficult to degraded, hence an environmetal problem. Asides from lignolytic enzymes such as laccase, lignin peroxidase, maganese peroxidase, produced by certain white rot fungi and some bacteria, are there specific pathways or mechanisms used by microrganisms towards degrading lignin? What are the products of industrial importance from such mechanisms? What are the advantages of such microbial processes over conventional methods of lignin degradation? Please I need publications or recommended books on this topic. Thanks!
Dear Sanusi,
One of the potential areas where white-rot fungal bioconversion of lignocellulose has role is in the nutritional improvement of poor quality roughages like cereal straws for ruminant feeding. More details on this can be found in this review.
http://www.academicjournals.org/article/article1380733375_Mahesh%20and%20Mohini.pdf
Dear Sanusi,
Lignin is very difficult to be degradate, but have many organisms that can degrateded it. Many varieties of fungi can cause major changes in their structure and allowing to obtain produtosquímicos of industrial interest. This is a strong biotechnology action line.
The following reviews may help you:
Kirk, T. K. and R. L. Farrell (1987). "Enzymatic "combustion": the microbial degradation of lignin." Annual Review of Microbiology 41: 465-505.
Higuchi, T. (1989). Mechanisms of Lignin Degradation by Lignin Peroxidase and Laccase of White-Rot Fungi. Plant Cell Wall Polymers, American Chemical Society. 399: 482-502.
Higuchi, T. (2006). "Look back over the studies of lignin biochemistry." Journal of Wood Science 52(1): 2-8.
Identification of soil bacterium giving vanillin as a product in:
http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/bi101892z
Identification of DypB from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 as a lignin peroxidase
Lignin is not a single compound. They are a large group of compounds. They share some common chemical structures but specific properties. Certain fungal peroxidases , promote partial degradation While cellulose is partially compatible with water , the insoluble lignin is not compatible with water . probably
reactions with best industrial use, is not watery.
Years ago gave up research in special properties of lignin but I had reached this link
http://www.ili-lignin.com/projects/projects.php
Dear Sanusi,
lignin from decomposing plants ends down to soil where it undergoes slow and complex microbial conversions involving oxidative and reductive reactions. Here, lignin is a natural part of the soil ecosystem.
In my understanding the efforts in order to microbially and enzymatically degrade lignin into monomeric products have systematically failed to achieve noticeable conversion yields. One should bear in mind that C-C bonds of lignin are very recalcitrant towards chemical catalysis let alone enzymatic conversion. In my understanding there are no industrial products relying on microbial or enzymatic depolymerization of lignin.
Finally, any depolymerization of lignin will lead to a mixture of various monomeric and oligomeric compounds. Here, fractionation of lignin-derived phenolic products is one of the key challenges.
Best regards,
Mika
Absolutely . It is a whole soil ecosystem co evolved in degradation of lignin , but not suberin in each place. Lignin degradation includes changes in the Ph and many enzymatic steps. The result will probably be multiple products
Best Regards
Alex.
Thanks so much dear scientists, i really appreciate your contributions.
Sanusii! these references are interesting and very complete, I think they can help you.
1. Fungal Degradation of Lignin (K.E. Hammel,1997 CAB INTERNATIONAL Driven by Nature: Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition. (eds G. Cadisch and K.E. Giller) chapter 2. Dashtban M. et al. Enzymatic modification of lignin J Biochem Mol Biol. 2010; 1(1): 36–50.
3.Ian D Reid. Journal of Botany. 03/2011; 73:1011-1018. DOI: 10.1139/b95-351
Thanks Sir Eleazar M. Escamilla-Silva, the references were indeed helpful, i really appreciate your contribution.
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