How they are able to tolerate water-logging, oxygen deficit, stress and toxin accumulation?
Interesting question Dr Tarafdar. But this is such an issue , even a book will be insufficient to describe the underlying mechanisms involved in adoption of plants exposed to different kinds of abiotic stresses. Some of the well known mechanisms are : development of certain specialized tissues under waterlogged conditions, cellular compatmentation of secondary metabolites, elevation in accumulation of proline and betaine, elevated synthesis of dismutases in response to abiotic stress induced accumulation of ROS and their detoxification..
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Sure Dr Tarafdar,..
Plant Responses to Waterlogging, ncyclopedia of Applied Plant Sciences (Second Edition) 2017, Pages 36–39 Volume 1(https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-394807-6.00083-6)
Abstract : Waterlogging of roots reduces access to oxygen through airspaces in soil and results in poor root growth, crop losses, and even death. There are two major classes of responses by plant species that are able to mitigate this problem, namely anatomical and biochemical. The former often involves aerenchyma formation by programmed cell death of specific targeted cells. This reduces respiratory demand and increases internal porosity, thus alleviating some of the oxygen deficiency. These events involve a complex cascading biochemical transduction pathway in cells that leads to deformation of organelles, fragmentation of DNA, release of cell wall–degrading enzymes, rupture of the central vacuole membrane, and ultimately the disintegration of the entire cell. Biochemical responses include the shifting of primary energy metabolism to anaerobic fermentation pathways that may allow basic cell maintenance for a time sufficient for flooded soils to drain. Using these discoveries to improve tolerance in crops is an important goal of anaerobiosis research.
SOIL WATERLOGGING
Oxygen shortage and other damaging features of waterlogged soil
How an absence of oxygen kills root tips
ATP supply and demand
Self-poisoning
How roots survive anaerobic conditions
Biochemical acclimation
Anatomical acclimation through aerenchyma formation
How above-ground shoots survive soil waterlogging and submergence
Root to shoot communication and water conservation
Increased porosity of the shoot base
Replacement rooting
Fast upward extension
WATERLOGGING AND CROP PRODUCTION
Remedial measures in crop production
Improving land drainage
Direct treatment to crops
Plant breeding
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