Dear Umesh,

Wastewater treatment techniques have not really changed. But what is being done today is to focus on the increasingly specialized training of technicians whose mission is to fight for the protection of the environment (biologists, researchers, chemists, plant managers purification, sewer workers, electromechanical engineers, computer scientists, laboratory technicians ...). We are also investing a lot of money to make treatment processes more optimized and improve their performance. The increasing complexity of wastewater treatment systems in sewage treatment plants requires a high level of competence on the part of the staff. The water treatment plants require multiple knowledge (hydraulics, biology, chemistry, mechanics, electricity, electronics ...). Similarly, the installation, maintenance and renovation of collection networks require very specific skills and rigor, particularly in terms of security.

In addition, specialized firms, in particular, all have their own research centers. They spend significant sums on developing new treatment processes. The research also focuses on developing pollution control systems adapted to the local specificities of each sanitation system in order to optimize efficiency and yield.

The elimination of the various nuisances caused by wastewater treatment is another area of research. The reduction of bad odors (deodorization), the reduction of noise and the integration of a water treatment plant in the landscape also contribute to the protection of the environment.

Finally, the treatment of sludge is a major project to the extent that their disposal is virtually prohibited, which involves the implementation of processes to eliminate or to use them.

With my best regards

B. ACHOUR

It is mostly, the biological treatment of wastewater.

Sequentail Batch Reactor

Very correctly @ Bachir Armour, has indicated in totality the STP concepts.

@Laura opined on Biological treatment, as this occupies large space, the use of this concept will be for the concluding stage, adding aesthetics to the plant.

@ B Manu indicated that SBR concepts can be applied.

I wish to add that the STP designed and planned need to provide for total conversion of waste to resource.

Both re use water and sludges are easily used by communities.

Next point to note will be that with apt operational principles, maintanance practices are ensured done regulrly.

Lastly the STP facility ought to be pleasing and with community liked aeasthetics, having greens for remediation of Clmt chng, GHGs and a few SDGs taken care .

Well wishes

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from municipal Some secondary treatment methods include a secondary clarifier to settle out and separate biological floc ...

Activated sludge model.

Activated sludge systems.

Adsorption/Bio-oxidation process.

Advanced oxidation process.

Aerated lagoon.

Aerobic granular reactor.

Aerobic granular sludge technology.

Aerobic granulation.

Dear Umesh,

Techniques such as Batch sewage treatment using packed flow columns (novel packaging material), bioremediation-assisted sewage treatment (engineered microbes); non-thermal plasma treatment are some of the techniques, which have been reported in recent times.

@ Bachir Achour:

Late to acknowledge but thanks for your exhaustive answer.