Himanshu Tiwari Hi, I think that the integration of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) with modern scientific methods in flora assessment encounters several critical challenges. Firstly, epistemological disparities exist; TEK is often rooted in holistic, place-based understandings and oral traditions, while modern science relies on standardized protocols and empirical evidence. This can lead to difficulties in translating indigenous classifications and observations into scientific frameworks. Secondly, issues of data sovereignty and intellectual property rights arise, as TEK is community-owned and may be vulnerable to appropriation. Thirdly, communication barriers between indigenous knowledge holders and scientists, including differences in language and research priorities, can impede collaboration.

A national strategy can address these challenges by fostering co-management frameworks that recognize and respect TEK as a valid form of knowledge. This could involve establishing partnerships between indigenous communities, researchers, and government agencies, with clear protocols for data sharing and benefit distribution. Additionally, training programs that bridge the cultural and methodological gaps between TEK and science can enhance mutual understanding. By integrating TEK's long-term, experiential insights with scientific precision, conservation strategies can become more attuned to local ecological dynamics and cultural values, ultimately yielding more sustainable and socially acceptable outcomes.