What are the important environmental factors and role of microorganisms in plant adaptation towards climate change for sustainable agriculture?
Decomposition, oxygen production, evolution, and symbiotic relationships etc.
Rhizospheric and endophytic microorganisms enhance the plant growth and can also confer some degree of tolerance to crop plants in various types of abiotic stresses like high temperature, drought, salinity, metal toxicity, chemical toxicity, and chilling. Plant growth promoting microbes that enhance plant growth process includes: (1) increase availability of nutrient, (2) production of plant growth regulator, (3) metabolites such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, siderophore. Microbes are responsible for both production and destruction of foodstuffs and are a key element in reducing waste from spoilage. Some microorganisms can degrade plastics, toxins, and agricultural waste, but some convert excess fertilizer to nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. Microorganisms help minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that are harmful to both the environment and consumers of produce. These beneficial fungi can be used to increase crop yields and establish sustainable non-chemical farming. Microbes play an important role in climate because they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when they eat. Bacteria and their main predators, protists, account for more than 40 times the biomass of all animals on Earth. As a result, they have a huge effect on carbon dioxide emissions. The underlying mechanisms of adaptable microbial nature are thoroughly investigated at the cellular, genetic and molecular levels. The adaptation is mediated by a spectrum of processes like natural selection, genetic recombination, horizontal gene transfer, DNA damage repair and pleiotropy-like events. The rate of growth or death of a particular microbial species is influenced by a variety of physical factors in its environment including temperature, osmotic pressure, pH, and oxygen concentration. Adaptation refers to adjustments in ecological, social or economic systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli and their effects. It refers to changes in processes, practices and structures to moderate potential damages or to benefit from opportunities associated with climate change. Beyond doing everything we can to cut emissions and slow the pace of global warming, we must adapt to climate consequences so we can protect ourselves and our communities. The fallout varies depending on where you live. It might mean fires or floods, droughts, hotter or colder days or sea-level rise.
PH of soil is an important factor for soil micro organisms, organic carbon content and CN ratio contributes to the type of micro organisms present in the soil