It is known that the population is linked to a living space and thus are perfectly observable effects of demographic changes on the territory, whether by demographic pressure on the land (overpopulation), is the scarcity of population (population deficits ) or already by population movements (migration) that cause various territorial consequences, since the population is both a resource and a guy in land management.

From a geographical point of view, it should be noted that the population considers geography with regard to the territory. As FAUS (2002) "The Geography has traditionally been defined as a discipline of synthesis, not because it is a summary of facts, but because he always has to consider the inter-relationships among facts. Therefore systems of geographical interest, as the population, for example, are inseparable from the territory. "

Among the major recent changes in the demographic system in countries around the world, is developed, it is the developing world's population is aging, explained by the vast majority of authors in relation to the demographic transition model. This process has generated enormous consequences in different aspects like economic, social, cultural and territorial also among others.

In this context, it should analyze the impacts of changes in the demographic system, particularly the aging population, in view of a proper organization of the territory or the like could also be planning.

Among the major impacts of an aging population on the territory are the system imbalance demo-territorial and environmental conservation. One of the most significant features of the dynamics of an aging population is increasing the inactive population. Later there is the shortage of population, as the population is not renewed. The low fertility rates and migration output, which characterizes repulsion population, coupled with the absence of return migration, prevent the renewal of the population causing a negative growth and may cause system failure population, the inverse pyramid is unsustainable.

The aging population reduction areas is a phenomenon that helps explain different spatial arrangements as the depopulation of some areas, the appearance of voids population within a given territorial system and migratory dynamics of the area. All this ends up preventing a balanced development of regions and the organization's physical space.

The deficit population imbalances can cause territorial type vertical or horizontal. Vertical towards the use, management and protection of land use that affect the ecosystem and in establishing horizontal relations demographic and socioeconomic unequal portions of territory, or between, for example, field-town. All this can result in a desvertebração territory, since the demographic balance, socio-economic and territorial cohesion is important for sustainable development.

The land management and socio-economic development and sustained imply the need for a minimum population, without which it is difficult to face the future. Results in an aging society in general right gerontocracy, in a social breakdown in a fall in rates of productivity and economic growth rates lower, which raises doubts about the sustainability of development.

The increasing number of elderly and functional difficulties to stay active, contributing also to hinder, an aging population, care for the environment, which in theory leads to a deterioration of cultural and natural heritage. In reality, the progressive aging of the population in certain areas makes it difficult sustainable use of natural resources and environmental protection, among other things, in that it promotes an imbalance in the use of resources of the territory, whether human, economic or natural.

One can see that the interaction between population dynamics and natural objects is the result of this co-interaction between people, society and nature and demographic changes affect the constitution of the environmental conditions of places. Thus the aging population can be seen as an important factor in the process of constitution of differences between places and their environmental conditions, although these conditions also depend on a number of characteristics related to the type of company involved in the production of space and the place.

The depopulation of parts of the territory and the appearance of voids population within certain territorial systems, although not exclusively a result of population aging, but much of the process of redistribution of the population, is strongly aggravated by this process. Thus, there is no doubt about the importance of including among other factors analysis of the impacts that promotes the progressive aging of the population over the territory, in order, especially public policy planning.

Moreover, taking into account the changes in the demographic realities of the country, including changes related to increasing urban concentration, migration and population aging fast and intense, is expected to be increasingly confronted with new challenges in the future with a strong territorial impact. The ongoing demographic change should assume a major territorial impact, for example, the depopulation of certain areas concurrent with a concentration or a ralentização urban economic development.