I am rubbing steel with different grades of copper at high temperature and measuring amount of wear of steel. Every different grades of copper giving different amount of wear for steel . So my question, does the amount of wear of steel depends only on the hardness of materials or any other factors also affects such as alloying elements or any other ?.
Roughness of the material maters a lot. So for all the material do a common machining. I would recommend to carry out test in vertical pin on disk machine. Also repeat the experiment for more than three times for get the satisfactory results. To estimate the wear theoretically u can use Archard's equation.
Actually the alloying element is also affecting the wear rate. Furthermore, the sliding conditions like humidity, sliding velocity, Temperature and ...etc. Besides, you have to take care of the hardness ratio. the surface roughness plays a major role the wear criteria.
It is unclear whether experimental conditions include high-temp lubrication or dry wear. In case of the latter the wear rate is mostly dependent on the adhesion between the copper and steel. Another factor which is also the temperature sensitive one is an interplay between work-hardening and temperature softening, i.e. wear particle formation. The third factor to be the mechanochemical reactions, i.e copper-iron-oxygen interactions. All three factors determine the unstable character of wear . The alloying elements will have effect on temperature dependence of copper strength and therefore determine the copper deformation mechanism, including its nanostructuring and shear instability.
Dear Pankaj, The four answers above this one have good suggestions of factors you have to consider. When I read your questions, I thought of alloying in both copper and steel interacting, as well as the quality of the surface and chemical reaction of the top layers while interacting. I have worked in many Wear and Friction experiments, and I found the approach presented by Horst Czichos (Design of Friction and Wear Experiments) to be very comprehensive. I personally have the ASM Handbook Volume 18 that has a chapter on it. He (Czichos) also wrote a book back in the 80s that has the same principle. Good Luck and keep us posted with the results.
hardness of both materials i.e the condition in which they are in. the amount of intermetallics formed during rubbing.. the oxides formed at high temperature.. the nature of the oxide formed, the hardness of the oxide, the stability of the oxides and the hardness of the intermetallics formed..
As a training to be good physical metallurgist I was shock to hear that people are using copper to wear steel, which is has much higher wear resistance compare to copper and its alloys. Then I thought they have an intention to produce mechanical alloying the high temperature environment. But the question was 'the amount of wear'' or how much material one can scrape out or off steel per time!? Normally one needs cutting tools having extreme hardness at high temperature while keeping its mechanical integrity (Tungsten made by powder metallurgy or Diamond cutting edge supported by material having high heat conductivity like copper).
The most effective properties affecting that the hardness and in your case in high temperature the hot hardness of the both materials this all follows Archard’s law
V = KLN\ H. Please try to measure your materials hardness in room temperature and in the temperature you will perform the wear test under it and so see the effect of the hardness on the volume rate of wear.
Dear All,
Sorry for late response from my side as I was traveling. I appreciate all the answers because all are towards answer of my query. Now, I know some of important factors such as Hardness, sliding velocity, roughness, hardening and softening at high temperature etc. However, I would like to ask further
Dear Lijesh, can we perform pin on disc experiment at different temperature conditions such as 300, 500, 700, 900 degree centigrade.
Dear Ahmed, you mean hardness should calculate at various temperature.
Dear Sergei, can you share some important document or journal paper related to all three factors. this will give me fundamental physics behind wear at high temperature for steel and copper
Dear Jose, can you send me some stuff related to approach presented by Horst Czichos
Dear Anil, i will find the hardness of the oxide and get back to you
Dear Mohamed, can you give some idea how to measure the hardness of the steel and copper at high temperature. around 700-900 degree centigrade.
Thanks a lot in advance for your supportive nature in research community.
yes. if it is available, you can measure the hardness at different temp. Furthermore, you.can check the wear debris and evaluate the.wear.mechanism.
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