Diffusion length is the maximum length upto which a free charge carrier can travel before it recombine same goes for exciton diffusion length, excitons are basically bound state of electron and holes in a system due to dielectric constant and bohr like model. Lastly thickness is thickness, you need to choose your semiconductor material so that it can absorb sufficient amount of light but at the same large enough diffusion length that your charge carriers can be collected thick sample. That is where diffusion length and high lifetime helps.
The optimal absorber thickness in a perovskite solar cell depends on factors like material, device architecture, and defect densities. Thicker layers allow more light absorption, while excessively thick ones can cause charge recombination and reduced collection efficiency. Experimental optimization determines the optimal absorber thickness. Defect densities, such as vacancies or grain boundaries, can reduce device performance. Longer exciton diffusion lengths are desirable for efficient charge generation and collection. The relationships between these factors vary depending on material, device architecture, fabrication techniques, and measurement methods.