* The Q Switching operation are linear optical effect by applying external electric, acoustic, mechanical in order to prevent the lasing in the cavity some time and suddenly producing giant pulses in nanosecond, femto second and pico second duration , the idea to minimized the quality factor of the lasers s the following active methods:-
-electrooptical by effect pockles cell and kerr effect
- mechanical effect using rotating mirror or biprism
- acoustical effect
as well as the fourth method so called passive method depend on the saturable absorption in some solid and dyes.
** The frequency doubler or second harmonics generation not require any external field but the intensive laser interact with some electroptical materials to produce twice frequency from out put beam under suitable conditios such as the phase matching condition .
regard
raad
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