It is like precision and accuracy(smartness) applied to measuring instruments, more precise instrument cannot be accurate(smart), as accuracy(smartness) is defined as the quality of instrument, or precision could be considered as on needed quality for accuracy(smartness).

In your case using or controlling the water needed(accuracy/smartness) for irrigation and controlling the amount of water flow(precisely) for irrigation......

Dear Ahmed,

I am interested in controlling the water used for irrigation such that one minimizes the water spent for irrigation while satisfying the needs of the plants completely.

The process of irrigation is a water distribution among the plants. Precision irrigation as you defined it is to precise the water dose given to the plant in a specific time. This can be accomplished by controlling the water given to the plant. But since the need is to somewhat random because of the random change in the environment this control must be adaptive and predictive. Therefore the controller must contain artificial intelligent means to mimic the brain of the human observer.

Best wishes

Programmed sprinkler control with adaptive control with temperature and humidity referenc, of weather are used in U.S...

Interesting question I will answer later

Atef Nassar Many thanks prof. Atef for your comment

Smart Irrigation: The need to enhance the efficiency of irrigation processes and minimize water losses is on the rise. There is an increasing awareness on the conservation of existing water resources by employing sustainable and efficient irrigation systems. IoT the (Internet of Things)-based smart irrigation measures various parameters such as humidity, soil moisture, temperature, and light intensity to calculate the precise requirements for water. It has been proved that such a mechanism can contribute to higher irrigation efficiency.

Smart irrigation solutions are the evolving trend in day to day lives. The technology has completed a full circle by giving back to irrigation the latest trends and techniques that have been developed. Connectivity using existing wifi networks using the available hardware is one major advantage for Smart agriculture.

Smart irrigation solutions and thus would lead to the successful growth of the Internet of Things implementation in the field of Agriculture. That evolution is that which overcomes the existing traditional mobile computing scenario of smartphones and their apps and innovate into connecting of the devices in the surrounding to help with a solution for the real problem that had to be dealt with. Sensors are the real need of the world that helps to sense their surroundings and thus help humans to control their surroundings without their presence. Given their utility, they are the most complicated devices that are being used more frequently everywhere. Agriculture sensors need to be more sensitive to weather changes and also robust in nature of the exposure they are ought to confront. Many commercial sensors are available in the market and we just need to select the appropriate one that will suit the need of the day. Many factors affect the selection of sensors. Few of them that need to be mentioned are quality, the surroundings in which they will be applied, the measurability range of the sensor, readings that are observed by the sensor, sensitivity response time, identification of the reading that varies in a static environment and last but not the least the cost of the detector

The traditional meaning of precise irrigation is about applying precise amounts of water to crops at precise locations (within the soil profile) at precise times and uniformly across the farm. Precision irrigation, as a concept, slightly differs from this traditional definition. Precision irrigation focuses on individual plants or small areas within a farm, while the traditional definition takes a holistic approach at farm level. It is much more than the precise application of water; it seamlessly combines the optimal performance of the application system with the crop, water and nutrient management. It is a systems approach. It is applicable to all irrigation methods and all crops at appropriate area and time scales. The main objective of the precision irrigation is to optimize water application efficiency based on real climatic data collected at the farm. Precision irrigation for irrigation water management is still in the development stage and requires research and development to allow it to become more widely used and applicable.

Smart irrigation scheduling refers to technologies that help growers determine more precisely when crops need to be watered and how much water they require. With smart irrigation scheduling, growers are able to use their water more efficiently, either by reducing or by keeping constant the amount of applied water, while maintaining or improving yields. Having more precise knowledge of soil moisture levels also has a number of peripheral benefits, such as pest control.