The effects of trade tariffs and the wider effects of uncertainty on global trade.

Expectations. This is not a new topic in macroeconomics, but its centrality remains.

The concensus in the 1960s and 1970s was "Adaptative expectations". A Backward-Looking Behaviour.

In the 1990s, the dominant concept, at least in mainstream macroeconomics, was "Rational epectations", a form of Forward-Looking Behaviour where agents learn from their past mistakes and adjust their expectations as new information becomes available.

Today, uncertainty dominates.

Past events are not a guide for the future, but today's models perdictions are probably a bad guide for making forcasts.

So how could rational economic agents should make their decisions in such an uncertain world?

The era of low inflation and low interest rates is over, and central banks are navigating a new, more volatile environment. The old models are being stress-tested.

What drives inflation in the 21st century, and what is the optimal monetary policy framework to manage it? How much public debt is too much, and what are the true economic costs? What are the new structural determinants of labor supply, wage growth, and the nature of work? Are we "deglobalizing," and what are the macroeconomic consequences? Will technological breakthroughs like AI be enough to overcome the economic drag from aging populations and slowing productivity? How should macroeconomic models and policy incorporate climate risk and the green energy transition? How does the distribution of income and wealth shape macroeconomic dynamics and policy effectiveness?

These issues Zira Maigadi are deeply interconnected and require new theoretical models, better empirical methods, and more granular data to address. This makes it an incredibly exciting, if challenging, time to be a macroeconomist. Best and success, stephen

Welcome to post-growth Europe – can anyone accept this new political reality?

"Across much of Europe, the engines of economic growth are sputtering. In its latest global outlook, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) sharply downgraded its forecasts for the UK and Europe, warning that the continent faces persistent economic bumps in the road.

Globally, the World Bank recently said this decade is likely to be the weakest for growth since the 1960s. “Outside of Asia, the developing world is becoming a development-free zone,” the bank’s chief economist warned..."

https://theconversation.com/welcome-to-post-growth-europe-can-anyone-accept-this-new-political-reality-257420?

Contemporary macroeconomic researchable issues include topics such as post-COVID inflation dynamics, central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), climate change and macroeconomic stability, income inequality, global supply chain disruptions, effects of AI and automation on labor markets, the role of macroprudential policy, and monetary-fiscal coordination in times of economic uncertainty.

Climate change economics, digital currency effects, inequality, debt sustainability, post-pandemic recovery, AI and automation impacts.

Current macroeconomic research focuses on inflation dynamics, climate change and growth, digital currencies, inequality, geopolitical shocks, and post-pandemic recovery policies.

في وقت التغيرات السريعة وزمن التكنولوجيا والعولمة ظهرت العديد من القضاياالتي يمكن ان تكون غير جديدة بالمعنى الحقيقي لكنها مرتبطة بالتغيرات الحاصلة مثلاًتأثر الاقتصاد الكلي بحالات عدم اليقين الاقتصادي والازمات السياسية التي تؤثر على الاقتصاد ككل وتطور في العملات الرقمية والتغيرات المناخية واثرها على المستوى الاقتصادي العام