Low temperature material can find widespread application in the future if harnessed techno economically.Materials above absolute zero temperature behave in acertain manner.The same materials below absolute zero temperature behaves in a different manner.
There are many properties that are unique to liquids. One of them is Superfluidity. This is a phase a fluid matter may take. At this stage the liquid will have no viscosity. Also this will enable to have a maximum thermal conductivity because the friction due to the interaction between the surfaces. This has found many applications but not everything about them is yet known. Thus there is a lot of scope for research in this field and learn more about this uniqueness and the attributes of this phase.
In spectroscopy it is vastly used. To know the effects of the physical quantity like gravitational force it is made use of in gyroscopes. Thus the values of these quantities can be found to perfection. Using this method the curvature of space near earth can be determined.Yet another usage is in optics. Actually light rays are trapped in a container of a superfluid state of sodium gas. The speed of light reduced drastically. Thus light gets trapped. This has various applications. Furthermore, even in the case of space ships superfluids are used as one of the cooling agents. The temperature thus can be maintained to the desired level every time.
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You did not explain which type of material you are talking about. But in general when we talk about absolute zero (which is impossible to achieve) all of the atomic movements in the lattice are seized. But due to the lattice vibrations at the temperature higher than absolute zero materials behave differently.
The challenges are dependent on the applications of the materials. For example if you want to use a material at relatively high temperature 0.4 of melting point then you have to care about the movements of the atoms in the materials and in case of metals you have to study the movements of defects at high temperature. And in doing so you design a material which will have less number of defects to avoid failure of your material.
In the same way if you want to put the material in an application where you are subjecting it to a cyclic loading then you engineer the grain size (in case of metals) to avoid failure.
This is what I perceive from your question. May be someone else who understands it in an efficient way may explain you more
There are many properties that are unique to liquids. One of them is Superfluidity. This is a phase a fluid matter may take. At this stage the liquid will have no viscosity. Also this will enable to have a maximum thermal conductivity because the friction due to the interaction between the surfaces. This has found many applications but not everything about them is yet known. Thus there is a lot of scope for research in this field and learn more about this uniqueness and the attributes of this phase.
In spectroscopy it is vastly used. To know the effects of the physical quantity like gravitational force it is made use of in gyroscopes. Thus the values of these quantities can be found to perfection. Using this method the curvature of space near earth can be determined.Yet another usage is in optics. Actually light rays are trapped in a container of a superfluid state of sodium gas. The speed of light reduced drastically. Thus light gets trapped. This has various applications. Furthermore, even in the case of space ships superfluids are used as one of the cooling agents. The temperature thus can be maintained to the desired level every time.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/5693341
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