Some researchers suggest that after the article completion, the best way is to read it again bottom-to-top, recommend an academic colleague, or use Grammarly. Here is an article that may help you.
Yes, there are guidelines always. The editors will send you the guidelines with the articles that they send you for review. There is no general guideline that applies to all the journals.
Dear Dinesh Panthee, there are numerous guides for peer-reviewing of journal articles available. Cited below is a step-by-step guide that was issued by Wiley. For your particular field of research, you should check out the homepages of those publishers who publish the leading journals in your field.
As Frank and Asha say, journals often provide their own guides to peer reviewing.
I have also found it helpful to look at the points that other peer reviewers frequently mention.
In my experience of reviewing and reading others' reviews, a paraphrased /simplified version of some questions /comments that I and other reviewers often seem to raise includes.
a)What exactly is the focus of the study?
b)Who is this topic/topic area of interest to, and why is it interesting/important to explore?
c)What are the main ideas about the topic in the literature- have these changed over time? How does the topic link to /hope to expand understanding of these ideas
d) Are the research questions and research design consistent with /clearly linked to what has been said at (a) to (c)
e) is the research methodology clear?
f) is it clear how the data has been analysed?
g) what are the main outcomes/findings?- are they presented in a manner that is consistent with the research design- eg: if interviews were a main source of data are extracts included in the findings?
h) so what? does discussion of the findings clearly indicate what the paper contributes to understanding of ideas about the topic (c above) and/or to the work of particular groups ( b above)
If all the above are clear to a reader, the paper will probably be seriously worth considering for publication
It depends on the journal index. High peer review journals depend on complex criteria including the research gap, the appropriate methodology, the comprehensive and up to date literature review, the deep discussion, the findings and implications and finally the up-to-date references
The best ways of reviewing academic journal articles , one has to see the quality of the language, data of scientific importance, adequacy of data & reprehensibility and authenticity of the data.
Dear Dinesh Panthee besides reading tutorials (e.g. those suggested by Michael W. Marek and Jesús Pérez) the most important prerequisites for reviewing other researchers' articles are experience (comes with time) and a good overview of your field of research.